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The Treaty of Hopewell
Signed by U.S. representatives Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, Jospeh Martin, and members of the Cherokee people. This treaty enabled a western boundary for settlement. The Cherokee complained at the treaty saying that about 3,000 white settlers were moving past the agreed boundary. This is significant because we begin to understand how tensions began to form.
https://gratefulamericanfoundation.org/what-is-the-treaty-of-hopewell/ -
The Treaty of Holston
A treaty between the United States government and Cherokee tribe, this treaty east isles that Cherokee tribes are to fall under the protection and supervision of the United States. This is important because the United States will now mange all upcoming foreign affairs.
https://www.visitknoxville.com/listing/the-treaty-of-the-holston/2444/ -
The Battle of Fallen Timbers
The last major conflict of Northwest Territory Indian War between the United Staes and Native Americans. General Anthony Wayne led troops to a victory over the Indian Warriors. This was to try and stop Americans from settling and taking their land in the Northwest territory. This resulted in a win for the U.S.
https://www.history.com/articles/battle-of-fallen-timbers -
Sacagawea and her journey with Lewis and Clark
Sacagawea joins Lewis and Clark along with their journey, and aids in many ways like being a guide, interpreter, and a “cultural bridge”. This is significant in Native American history because it established a small sense of peace between Native Americans and the travelers.
https://www.nps.gov/lecl/learn/historyculture/sacagawea.htm -
Attack of the Creek Indians
A group of the Creek nation fought against American settlers to stop them from taking their land. Many settlers were killed, in response Andrew Jackson fought back and led to other battles, and also concluding to the Creek people losing much of their land. This is crucial to better understand the disliking Andrew Jackson has towards Native American and how it will later aid in his decision making.
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/creek-war-1813-1814 -
Indian Removal Act
Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act. This act focused on the relocating of Native Americans east of the Mississippi River towards the Great Plains. This is important because to creates a ripple affect and leads to many later occurring events.
https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Indian-Removal-Act/631416#:~:text=On%20May%2028%2C%201830%2C%20Jackson,would%20never%20want%20to%20live. -
Trail of Tears
While these thousand of Native American were being forced out of their land they had a long journey ahead of them and many lost their lives. For many reasons like exposure to extreme weather, disease, and lack of resources. This time in history represents a tried loss and mistreatment towards the Native American people and creates a large amount of uncertainty in the relationship between the two. https://www.britannica.com/event/Trail-of-Tears -
Indian Appropriations Act
This act declared that the indigenous people are no longer considered members of the “sovereign nations”, which ultimately meant that the U.S. could no longer establish treaties with them. This is important because is allocated funds to move Native American tribes designated reservations.
https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/indian-appropriations-act-1871 -
Dawes Act
Also known as the General Allotment Act, this authorized the President to break up reservation land. This aimed to assimilate Native Americans into American society. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/dawes-act#:~:text=Also%20known%20as%20the%20General,granted%20allotments%20of%20reservation%20land. -
Indian Citizenship Act
Congress grated citizenship to the Native American people born in the U.S. This enabled them to be able to vote. Although this is a big milestone between the U.S. and Native Americans, some states still found ways to cause inequalities to the Native Americans. https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/june-02/ -
The Indian Civil Rights Act
Following the Indian Citizenship Act, this enabled all civil rights to apply to Native American, and granted them equality they have been longing for after long years of battles and conflict. https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-indian-civil-rights-act-of-1968.html#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Civil%20Rights%20Act%20of%201968%20recognized%20the%20civil,civil%20rights%20are%20being%20violated.