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Mar 6, 632
Muhammad's death
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Period: Mar 6, 632 to Mar 6, 661
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
Abu Bakr: 632-634
Umar: 634-644
Uthman: 644-656
Ali: 656-661 -
Mar 6, 661
First Umayyad Caliph
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Period: Mar 6, 661 to Mar 6, 750
Umayyad Caliphs
Ruled from Damascus, Syria
Conquered North Africa, Spain, some of India
*Arabs called Christians and Jews people of the book -
Period: Mar 6, 750 to Mar 6, 1258
Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas: descendant of Muhammad's uncle
devoted their energies to trade, scholarship, and the arts
Moved the capitol to Baghdad; saw increase in trade
Lots of Persian influences -
Mar 6, 1055
Seljuk Turk Conquer Bagdhad
Let Abbasid Caliph rule, took over the governmetn and the military
Seljuk ruler called himself Sultan -
Period: Mar 6, 1055 to Mar 6, 1258
Seljuk Turks dynasty
1055: take over Baghdad
Were hired as soldiers
Nomads
were in charge of the military and the government
allowed the Abbasids to rule as Caliph -
Mar 6, 1258
Mongols ransacked Bagdhad
Ended Abbasid, Seljuk, and Arab empires -
Period: Mar 6, 1300 to Mar 6, 1400
Sufi Expansion
West African city of Timbuktu became a leading center of Muslim trading
Sufis: spent their time praying and teaching Islam -
Mar 6, 1453
Fall of the Byzantine Empire
Ottomans conquer Constantinople, change the name to Istanbul -
Period: Mar 6, 1453 to
Ottoman Dynasty
The Ottomans rule until the end of World War I
During the 1200s, group of Turks from Asia Minor began empire
used guns and cannons, built navy
Conquered Syria, Palestine, Mesopatamia, Arabia, and parts of North Africa
Suleiman I was the greatest leader -
Period: Mar 6, 1500 to
Mogul Dynasty
Came from mountains North of India, used gunpowder, elephants, horses
Founded by Babur, the dynasty's greatest ruler was Akbar
Brought peace and order
Was tolerant of all cultures
People could practice their own faiths
He ruled fairly and treated diverse communities with respect -
Mar 6, 1526
Delhi center of Mogul Empire