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Scientific Management
Federick W. Taylor was the first to promote scientific management, sometimes called Taylorism. It uses scientific techniques to examine the most effective production process to increase productivity. The Gilbreths developed techniques for measuring employee output, such as time studies and motion studies, which are still applied in operations for scientific management today. -
Administrative Principles
The creator of the administrative theory of management is Henri Fayol. He developed 14 Industrial and General Principles of Management and Administration. -
Follett’s Organizations as Communities
American author and sociologist Mary Parker Follett made significant contributions to the areas of people management and interpersonal interactions. It resulted in Follett's organizations as communities being created. -
Bureaucratic Organization
Max Weber is one of the most important theorists in modern organizational theory and is the father of the modern bureaucratic organization. He was a political economist and sociologist from Germany. -
Argyris’s Theory of Adult Personality
Chris Argyris believed that managers who treat employees well and act like responsible adults will produce the most. He believed that common issues like absence, disinterest, isolation, and low staff morale could be signs of a conflict between management style and a mature adult mentality and personality. -
Hawthrone Studies
Sociologist Elton Mayo conducted experiments that are now known as the Hawthorne studies and focused on examining the relationship between employee satisfaction/well-being and workplace productivity. -
Quality Managment
Edwards Deming, the father of Quality Management, successfully applied "Shewhart's methods" to war manufacturing during World War II, where statistical process control helped the armed forces speed up inspections without sacrificing safety. Joseph Juran was someone who received training on these methods. He published "Statistical Methods Applied to Manufacturing Problems" in 1928. -
Organizations as Systems
Chester Barnard thought of organizations as cooperative systems, which he defined as a group of physical, biological, personal, and social elements that are in a certain systematic relation because of the cooperation of two or more people for at least one specific goal. -
Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of human needs is one of the best-known theories of motivation. Maslow's theory states that our actions are motivated by certain physiological and psychological needs that progress from basic to complex. -
McGregor’s Theory X / Theory Y
"Theory X and Theory Y," created by Douglas McGregor, is well-known for highlighting the differences between the two methods' underlying theories of human motivation. According to Theory X, employees must be forced, managed, and convinced to work toward organizational goals since they dislike it. Theory Y would be the opposite, where someone enjoys work and doesn't need to be controlled or directed toward goals. -
Contingency Thinking
In 1964 an article called, "A Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness," was published by an Austrian psychologist named Fred Fiedler that put out the contingency theory. The contingency theory highlights the significance of the leader's personality as well as the environment in which they work. -
Quantitative Analysis and Tools
There are different types of quantitative analysis tools, they include graphs, linear regressions, and hypothesis testing. These tools provide analysts with statistical methods of organizing and examining data. These tools are useful for analyzing survey results, historical data, or financial numbers. These tools were invented by Robert Merton, who is a pioneer in modern financial theory. -
Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning
Peter Drucker founded the connection between knowledge management and organizational learning since it can be thought of in a variety of ways. Organizational learning should concentrate on how knowledge is gained, produced, processed, and ultimately used, whereas knowledge management should focus on its content to eventually create and process on its own. -
Evidenced- Based Managment
The phrase "evidence-based management" was first used in the 1990s in the medical area, but its ideas are now applied to fields such as education, criminology, public policy, social work, and now management. -
21st Century Leadership
21st Century leadership is how managers and leaders adopt a modern mindset so that they can deal with the unique challenges of the 21st century. This theory is based on the behaviours, abilities, and traits of effective leadership that can only be learned and developed by studying and training with a purpose.