Islam History

Muhammadad is born

570

Muhammad, the prophet, was born on 570 AD in Mecca, but soon became an orphan after the death of his parents. His full name was Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim. He was born in 570, but the day and month is unknown.

Muhammad is visited by angel Gabriel

Jan 1, 610

Muhammad was visited by the angel gabriel when he was 40, who told him that he was a phrophet. He told him to call his people to worship one god, but they did not agree and tried to persacute him and his followers.

Muhammad and the muslims migrate from Mecca to Medina

Jan 1, 622

The time Muhammad fled to Medina from Mecca was called the Hijra. Muhammad had to fled Mecca because he was under the threat of assassin. If Muhammad was assassinated, the Islamic faith would have not survive until today. The Hijra marked the first year of the Islamic calendar.

Muhammed wins control over Mecca

Jan 11, 630

The muslim army entered and occupied Mecca in 630, and established the first religious dictaratorship in the world, banning all other gods.

Abu Bakr Becomes Leader

Jan 1, 632

Abu Bakr becomes the first Caliph as a result of Muhammads death.Under his rule, Muslims conquered many lands outside of Arabia. A Caliph is a title that the muslims use for the highest leader of Islam.

Death of Muhammad

Jun 8, 632

Muhammad and his daughter both died this year. He died as a result of being poisoned by a Jewish woman following his attack upon and conquest of the Khaibar.

Battle of the Iron Bridge

Mar 5, 637

This was fought between the Muslim Rashidun army and the Byzantine army. It was one of the last battles fought between the Byzantines and Rashidun Caliphate in the province of Syria. The aftermath of the battle marked the nearly complete annexation of the province into the Rashidun Caliphate with the fall of its capital.

Muslims enter Egypt

Mar 7, 641

Muslims enter Egypt and rout the Byzantine Army. They consider it as the liberation of people.The Muslims siege of the town dragged on for two months.

Battle of the Camel

Jan 1, 656

The Battle of The Camel is often seen as the cause of a split between Sunni and Shi'a. This started because Aisha wanted Abu Bakr as Caliph in order to bring the Killer of Uthman to Justice.

Ali becomes the next caliph

Jan 1, 656

After the murder of Uthman, Ali became the next caliph. The importance of Ali was that during his time Islam splitted into two groups, Sunni and Shi'a. This is because the Umayyads rejected Ali's because he did not punish Uthman's murders. This is because the Umayyads supported Uthman. The Sunnis backed the Umayyads and the Shi'a supported Ali.

Assassination of Uthman, the third caliph

Jun 16, 656

In 656 armed men from Egypt arrived in Medina and demanded the dismissal of the Egyptian governor, which the caliph pretended to grant.On their way back to Egypt, they caught an African slave, a messenger from Uthman riding fast to the governor and carrying orders for their leaders’ execution when they reached home. Then they went back to Medina and Uthman was stoned in the mosque.

Death of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph and first Shii imam

Mar 5, 661

Imam Ali is killed. The death of Ali brought an end to the four caliphs known as Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This marked the beginning of the Umayyad rule.

Tariq ibn Ziyad leads conquest of Andalusia (southern Spain).

Mar 5, 711

Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is under Islamic control.

Battle of Tours

Oct 1, 732

Muslim army was defeated at the Battle of Tours. The advance into Western Europe was haulted. It is also known as the Battle of Politiers, and it happened in France.

Abbasids capture Damascus, ending Umayyad rule in Syria; Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah founds Abbasid Caliphate

Jan 1, 750

The Umayyad fell in 750 after the Battle of River Zab. The major reasons for the fall of the empire was because of the revolt that was led by the Abbasid and the unresovled internal problems. The internal problems were mainly caused by the corruptive Damascus elite, caliphs addiction to luxury lifestyle, and enourmous harem sizes.

Abasids move the islamic capital

Jan 1, 762

The Abbasids move the capitial to Baghdad, which is north of the Persian city of Ctesiphon.

Swahili Civilization

Jan 1, 1000

In Arabic, Swahili means coaster. During the 10th century, there was regular trade between the Bantu East Africans and the Muslim merchants. Swahili was the language blending of Bantu and Arabic. They traded gold, ivory, and slaves for pottery, glass and textiles.

First Crusade

Aug 15, 1096

First Crusade was initiated by the Roman Catholics, which main purpose was to obtained the Holy land but where Muslims and Jews were killed in the way. It helped the Byzantines and freed the city of Jerusalem.

Crusaders capture Jerusalem, ending the First Crusade

Jun 7, 1099

The crusaders stormed and captured the city from Fatmid, Egypt. Much of Jerusalem's population was murdered during the massacre that followed. The crusaders remained in the area for the rest of the year.

Continuation of the spread of Islam

Jan 1, 1120

Islam contines to spread throughout all of Asia. Muslims meet Malaysian traders, and teach them all about Islam.

Ghurids establish the Delhi Sultanate in India

Mar 5, 1206

Genghis Khan was proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206. The empire grew rapidly under his rule and then under the rule of his descendants, who sent invasions in every direction.

Hulegu attacks Baghdad

Jan 1, 1258

Hulegu was the grandson of Chinggis Khan.In 1258, he successfully took over Baghdad and looted a lot of wealth. During his time, he vastly expanded the Mongol Empire in the Arabian region.

Mongols invade Syria

Jan 1, 1299

Mongol Ilkhan Mahmud Ghazan, took his army and crossed the Euphrates river to again invade Syria. The Mongols attacked Syria and within 10 days the city surrenders.

Timur Conquers northern India, Syria, and Turkey

Sep 1, 1398

Timur's army of 90,000 crossed the Indus River and conquered India.Timur began to gain a following of people in Balkh that consisted of merchants, fellow tribesmen, Muslim clergy, aristocracy and agricultural workers because of his kindness in sharing his belongings with them.

Ottoman conquers

Mar 5, 1453

The Ottomans conquer the Byzantine empire, and part of Constantinople and changes its name to Istanbul. It becomes the capital of the ottoman empire.

Abbas the Great gains control of the Safavid Empire.

Jan 1, 1502

Abbas needed to reform the army before he could hope to confront the Ottoman and Uzbek invaders. He also used military reorganisation as another way of sidelining the Qizilbash.He created an army of 40,000 ghulams and Iranians to fight alongside the traditional, feudal force provided by the Qizilbash

Suleiman becomes ruler of the Ottoman empire

Oct 26, 1520

Suleiman the Magnificent becomes the ruler of the Ottoman empire. He became the first governor of Kaffa at age 17. When his father died in 1520, he becames the tenth sultan of the Ottoman empire.

The Taj Mahal is built

Jan 1, 1632

Taj Mahal was built by a Muslim, Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his dear wife and queen Mumtaz Mahal at Agra, India. Some say it is an expression of "dream". Taj Mahal means crown palace.

Treaty of Constantinople

Jul 13, 1700

This was signed between the and Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire on July 13th, 1700. It ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1686-1700. The treaty was superseded by the Treaty of the Pruth in 1711, after the Ottoman Empire became involved in this war.

Sepoy Rebellion

May 10, 1857

The Sepoy Rebellion breaks out in India at the battle of Cawnpore, Indian cavalry charges a British line. It is one of the most well-known uprisings during the British colonization of India.

Islam today

Mar 12, 2014

As of today, Islam is followed by more than a billion people, and is the worlds fastest growing religion. The two main branches of Islam today are Sunni and Shiite.

Conquest and conversion of Berber tribes in North Africa

Mar 2, 2022

The Berbers were the ancient people of North Africa west of Egypt. The tolerance of Islamic preachers among the Berbers did not guarantee their support for the Ummayad Dynasty—which held control over most of the Islamic Caliphate. Their ruling proxies alienated the Berbers by taxing them heavily; treating converts as second-class citizens; and enslaving the southern and weaker nomadic tribes

Harun al- Rashid rules

Mar 2, 2022

Harun al- Rashid ruled from 786 to 809. He was the fifth Abbasid Caliph. His rule encompassed modern Iraq. Since Harun was intellectually, politically, and militarily resourceful, his life and his court have been the subject of many tales. He was a very good ruler and died on March 24 809 at the age of 46.

Muslims capture Sicily and southern Italy

Mar 2, 2022

Abbasid House of Wisdom

Mar 2, 2022

The House of Wisdom is founded by Caliph Al-Rashid. It was a place where the smartest minds of the middle east would come to solve problems in the field of science. All were welcomed.

The Muslims conquer southern Italy and Sicily

Mar 2, 2022

The Muslim conquest of Sicily began in 827 and lasted until 902. Although Sicily had been raided by the Muslims since the mid-7th century, these raids did not threaten Byzantine control over the island,The Byzantine government sent a few expeditions to aid the locals against the Muslims, but preoccupied with the struggle against the Abbasids on their eastern frontier. Under Muslim rule, Sicily prospered and eventually detached itself from Ifriqiya to form a semi-independent emirate.

Marriage to Khadejah

Mar 2, 2022

Muhammed marries khadejah. Khadejah was a rich caravan merchant in Mecca. She was very respected as a woman.