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Santa Anna
Santa Anna was determined to destroy the Texas Rebels and took control of the Mexican Army in 1836. He successfully fought the rebels at the Battle of Alamo. -
Napoleon III
Napoleon was a fan of modernization, and he especially promoted the Suez Canal. He also established modern agricultural practices which halted famine in France and led to France becoming a major agricultural source. Napoleon also negotiated free-trade agreements with several European countries such as Britain such as the Cobden-Chevalier agreement in 1860. -
Benito Juarez
Being the president of Mexico from 1861-72, Juarez fought foreign occupation under Maximilian and established a democratic federal republic. These reforms helped set the stage for Mexico’s modernization in the 19th century. -
Austrian Archduke Maximilian
Maximilian was the Emperor of the Second Mexican Empire from 1864 until his execution in 1867. Throughout his service, people viewed him as naive especially in his thoughts of liberalism. Things worsened when the French had to withdraw their troops from Mexico in 1866 because of domestic matters. The Empire -
Porfirio Diaz
Diaz came to power after the death of Benito Juarez. He encouraged foreign investment, and under his rule Mexico maintained order. Exports boomed and railroads expanded. However, many Mexicans were still very poor under his rule. Diaz often put his opponents in jail, one of them being Francisco Madero. When Madero was released, he encouraged a rebellion against Diaz’s government which ultimately forced Diaz to resign. -
Jose Marti
A Cuban poet and essayist, patriot and martyr. He became the symbol for Cuba’s struggle for independence. He sympathized with patriots and wrote poems and founded newspapers which got him sentenced to hard labor and exiled from Cuba and went to Spain, France, US, Guatemala to learn and educate people. He died on the battlefield fighting for Cuba’s independence on May 19, 1895 in the battle of Dos Rios. -
Emilio Aguinaldo
Was a Filipino rebellion leader and politician who fought against Spain alongside of the US and the US for the independence of the Philippines but was unsuccessful in independence from US -
Teddy Roosevelt
He wrote the Monroe doctrine which forbid any European imperialism ,except for the colonies that had already been established, in the Americas and in addition to the doctrine he signed the Roosevelt Corollary which justified US imperialism and influence in the Americas and he increased military influence in in counties in the Americas to deter and European imperialism. -
Francisco Madero
Madero ran for the election of 1910 but was imprisoned by Porfirio Diaz. After being released, he encouraged a rebellion which forced Diaz to resign. Later that year, he was elected president but was imprisoned once again by army chief Victoriano Huerta. Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata, two men who were inspired by Madero, both strongly opposed Huerta. Francisco Madero was executed in 1914, and the United States also opposed Huerta. -
Pancho Villa
Pancho Villa, who’s full name is Francisco “Pancho” Villa, led a rebellion of people who supported Francisco Madero’s views. His people captured the city of Juarez in 1911. They also rose up against Huerta when he threw Madero in jail. When Venustiano Carranza became president, Villa refused to support him, and he launched an attack across the US border. Villa was not captured, but eventually agreed to halt his attacks. -
Emiliano Zapata
Zapata was another revolutionary leader, who fought for the poor people in Mexico. Under the rule of Porfirio Diaz, he led a rebellion to fight for land reform. When Venustiano Carranza became president, Zapata refused to support him. -
Victoriano Huerta
Huerta was the army chief who imprisoned Francisco Madero. He seized power in 1913. After Madero was executed in 1914, the United States opposed Huerta. When the US sent Marines to Veracruz, Huerta struggled to maintain his power, and eventually resigned. -
Venustiano Carranza
He was a leader in the Mexican Civil War, and when he overthrew dictator Porfirio Diaz, he became the first president of the Mexican republic. Once Carranza had secured his position as the president, he focused on building up Mexico; a new constitution went into effect in 1917 which allowed the government to redistribute land and take away power from the church. However, Mexico was damaged by the revolution and still struggled with widespread poverty