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Henry Foyal
Henry Foyal identified fourteen principles that he believed were essential to increase the efficiency of the management process. The following are those principles: division of labor, authority and responsibility, unity of command, line of authority, centralization, unity of direction, equity, order, initiative, discipline, remuneration of personnel, stability of tenure of personnel, subordination of individual interests to the common interest and esprit de corps. -
Max Weber
Max Weber wrote the Theory of Bureaucracy at the turn of the 20th century (Jones, G., & George, J. pg. 45). Weber was a German sociologist and political economist that viewed bureaucracy in a positive light (Bureaucratic Management Theory). -
The Gilbreth's
The Gilbreth’s changed Taylor’s work movement and contributed to the time and motion study. They aimed to analyze every individual action necessary to perform a particular task and break it into each of its component actions, find better ways to perform each component action and reorganize each of the component actions so that the action as a whole could be performed more efficiently (Jones, G., & George, J. pg. 42). -
Mary Parker Follet
Mary Parker Follett was an early management thinker who advocated, “authority should go with knowledge…whether it is up the line or down.” (Jones, G., & George, J. pg. 51). -
Scientific Management
The scientific management is the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency (Jones, G., & George, J. pg. 39). Frederick W. Taylor was best known for this technique. He was a manufacturing manager who taught others the skills of the scientific management. Taylor developed four principles: (1) study the way workers perform, (2) codify the new methods of performing tasks, (3) carefully select workers who possess -
Administrative Management Theory
The study of how to create an organizational structure and control systems that lead to high efficiency and effectiveness. -
Fordism in Practice
Henry Ford’s team pioneered the development of the moving conveyor belt and changed manufacturing practices forever (Jones, G., & George, J. pg. 41). Otherwise known as trial and error. -
Behavioral Management Theory
The study of how mangers should behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels and be comitted to the achievement of the organizational goals. -
Human Relationship Movement
The behavioral sciences played a strong role in helping to understand the needs and how the needs of the organization and its workers could be better aligned (Historical and Contemporary Theories of Management). This is why many companies added human resources departments to companies. -
The Hawthorne Studies
Originally known as the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company. This study began as an attempt to investigate how characteristics of the work setting specifically the level of lighting or illumination affect worker fatigue and performance (Jones, G., & George, J. pg. 52). -
Management Science Theory
A contemporary approach to management that focuses on the use of rigourous quantitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources to produce goods and services. -
Sociotechnical Systems Theory
Eric Trist who is a researcher at London’s Tavistock Institute of Human Relations help lead a group to develop the sociotechnical systems theory which is considered both the social and technical aspects when designing jobs. Four basic components to this theory: (1) environment subsystem, (2) social subsystem, (3) technical subsystem, and (4) organizational design (A Timeline of Management and Leadership) -
Organizational Environment Theory
The set of forces and conditions that operate beyond an organizations boundaries but affect a managers ability to acquire and utilize resources. -
Theory X and Theory Y
The scientific management is the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency (Jones, G., & George, J. pg. 39). Frederick W. Taylor was best known for this technique. He was a manufacturing manager who taught others the skills of the scientific management. Taylor developed four principles: (1) study the way workers perform, (2) codify the new methods of performing tasks, (3) carefully select workers who possess -
THe Open-System View
The open system view is a system that takes in resources from its external environment and converts or transforms them into goods and services that are sent back to that environment (Jones, G., & George, J. pg. 56). Daniel Katz, Robert Kahn and James Thompson developed the open system view. -
Contingency Theory
Tom Burns and G.M. Stalker in Britain and Paul Lawrence and Jay Lorsen in the United States developed this theory. This theory states that the idea that the organizational structures and control systems managers choose depend on characteristics of the external environment in which the organization operates (Jones, G., & George, J. pg. 57).