-
Period: to
Henri Fayol
Developed the principles and functions of management. -
Period: to
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Mechanical engineer who wanted to improve industrial efficiency and productivity though he ignored many human aspects of employment. -
Period: to
Max Weber
Born Karl Emil Maximilian Weber. Influential in sociology, and brought insight into management theory. -
Period: to
Mary Parker Follett
Developed the organizational theory for management. -
Scientific Management Theory
Took place from 1890-1940. Frederick Taylor developed this theory. This theory dealt with the careful specification and measurement of organized tasks. Tasks were standarized, which worked well for assembly lines and other routine activities. -
Chaos Theory
Chaos theory is not soley for management studies. This theory pertains to a world as a whole. What it meas in the science of surprises and the unpredictable. There are different principles of chaos: the butterfly effect, unpredictablility, order/disorder, fractals. -
Functions of Management
- Forcast and plan
- Organize
- Command or direct
- Coordinate
- Develop output
- Control
-
Period: to
Peter Drucker
Peter Drucker has been described as "the man who invented management". He called for a balance between short-term needs and long-term sustainability. He wrote 39 books and countless articles predicting many developments. -
Taylorism
This is an idea to break down tasks inorder to find the best proven way to do certain tasks. This would lead to very specialized job positions. -
Organizational Theory
The theory that is more of looking at the organization with to concept of "power with" rather than "power over". This was against the idea of micromanaging. -
Alfred P. Sloan
Sloan becomes president of General Motors. He created a decentralized bureaucracy, helping to make GM the leading car manufacturer. He didn't take control of the entire company, but instead delegated tasks. -
Period: to
Chris Argyris
American business theorist. -
Bureaucratic Management Theory
Based off Max Weber's theory which enhanced the Scientific Management Theory. Took place from 1930-1950. This theory forcuses on dividing organizations into a hierarchy. What this does is places control and authority throughout an organization. -
Human Relations Movement
Human resource departments have been added to organizations to take out the dehumanizing aspect of a hierarchy. Various theories have been developed to help address the worker as a person with emotion rather than a cog in the machine. The thought is that happy people are more productive workers. -
Likert Scale
Likert noticed new patterns of management based on four patterns of managers:
1. Exploitative
2. Benevolent
3. Consultative
4. Participative -
Systems Theory
Systems theory was introduced in 1940s by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and developed by Ross Ashby. This theory refers to systems that self-regulate and are self-correcting through feedback. -
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow determined that humans have needs: Physiological needs; food, shelter, safety; love; self-esteem; self-actualization. He stated that people need to satisfy one need before moving on to the next level of need. -
Theory X and Y
Theory X and Thoery Y are ways to categorize employees into different sets. Theory X is categorized by lazy, avoid responsibility, need control/coercion. Theory Y is categorized as like working, accept/seek responsibility, and need space to develop imagination. Using this, though it only uses two categories, give managers a better idea of who need motivation. -
Argyris
Chris Argyris studied the needs of people and the organization. He believed it was important to understand the needs of people and integrate them with those of the organization. -
Contingency Theory
Contingency theory states that there is no best way to organize and any way of organizing is not equally effective. This theory counteracts may theories where it says that the envoironment is highly important in determining organizational relations.
