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First Vaccine
English surgeon Edward Jenner creates a smallpox vaccine. -
End of Ancient Biotech
- Agriculture
- Fermentation (alcohol, cheese, vinegar, bread, etc)
- Cross breeding (mules)
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Period: to
Classical Biotechnology
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Gregor Mendel Pea Experiment
Mendel researches pea plants and their traits. The beginning of understanding genetics. -
Nucleus and Nucleic Acid
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Agar Used to Grow Microbial Samples
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"Chromosome" coined
Named by Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried Von Waldeyer-Hartz -
Mendel's Work Acknowledged
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"Gene" Coined
Term coined by Wilhelm Johannsen -
Fruit Fly Genome Sequenced
Fly genome mapped by Alfred Sturtevant. -
First Cancer Causing Virus Discovered
Discovered by American scientist Peyton Rous -
Biotechnology named
The term "Biotechnology" was first used by Karl Erkey in 1919 -
Eugenic Movement Starts in US
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Penicillin Discovered
Antibiotic (penicilling) discovered from mold in England by Alexander Fleming -
Penicillin Mass Produced
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Period: to
Modern Biotechnology
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Photograph 51
Rosalind Franklin creates photographic evidence of DNA's structure. -
DNA Structure Discovered
- Watson and Crick build a model of DNA
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Concept of Operon Given
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Synthesized DNA Amplified
Dr. Har Gobind Kohrana discovers a way to amplify synthesized DNA. -
First Monoclonal Antibodies
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Rapid DNA Sequencing Developed
Frederick Sanger develops a process to sequence DNA more quickly. -
Recombinant Human Insulin Produced
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First Biotechnology Developed Drug (Insulin) Approved
FDA approves a human insulin drug created by Genentech and Eli Lilly using biotechnology -
First Genetic Disease Mapped
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PCR Discovered
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) discovered for amplifying DNA -
First Anti-Cancer Biotech Drug
Interferon is developed through biotechnology and is the first biotech developed anti-cancer drug. -
Cystic Fibrosis Gene Mutation Identified
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Period: to
Human Genome Project
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First Bacterium Genome Sequenced
Genome of Haemophilius influenzae sequenced. -
Dolly The Sheep Born
First cloned mammal that was successfully born. Dolly was cloned by the scientist Ian Wilmut. -
First Human Chromosome Decoded
Chomosome 22 becomes the first human chromosome to be decoded -
First Draft of Human Genome
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Mouse Genome Decoded
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Synthetic Genomes Proven to Replicate Autonomously
Proven by Craig Venter.
