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Lamarck develops Hypothesis of evolution by means of acquired characteristics
Evolution. Lamarck is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, first presented in 1801 (Darwin's first book dealing with natural selection was published in 1859) If an organism changes during life in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring. -
The Voyage of the HMS Beagle
H.M.S. Beagle, with a crew of seventy-three men, sailed out of Plymouth harbor under a calm easterly wind and drizzly rain. Darwin became seasick almost immediately and started to have second thoughts about the voyage. -
Louis Pasteur refute spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur designed an experiment to test whether sterile nutrient broth could spontaneously generate microbial life. To do this, he set up two experiments. In both, Pasteur added nutrient broth to flasks, bent the necks of the flasks into S shapes, and then boiled the broth to kill any existing microbes. -
The Origin of species by means of Natural Selection
Work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. -
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The Germ Theory of Disease
The more formal experiments on the relationship between germ and disease were conducted by Louis Pasteur between 1860 and 1864. He discovered the pathology of the puerperal fever and the pyogenic vibrio in the blood and suggested using boric acid to kill these microorganisms before and after confinement. -
Gregor Mendel published works on inheritance of traits in pea plants
The genetic experiments Mendel did with pea plants took him eight years (1856-1863) and he published his results in 1865. During this time, Mendel grew over 10,000 pea plants, keeping track of progeny number and type. Mendel's work and his Laws of Inheritance were not appreciated in his time. It wasn't until 1900, after the rediscovery of his Laws, that his experimental results were understood. -
Plasmodium falciparum is described as the causative agent of malaria
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. It causes the disease's most dangerous form called falciparum malaria. -
Hardy-Weinberg equation for determining allele frequencies
Hardy–Weinberg proportions for two alleles: the horizontal axis shows the two allele frequencies p and q and the vertical axis shows the expected genotype frequencies. Each line shows one of the three possible genotypes. -
T. Hunt Morgan discovers sex-linkage
Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.The first experiment to demonstrate linkage was carried out in 1905. At the time, the reason why certain traits tend to be inherited together was unknown. Later work revealed that genes are physical structures related to physical distance. -
Bohr model of atom structure
In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model or Bohr diagram, introduced by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus. -
Frederick Griffith
Griffith's experiment was an experiment done in 1928 by Frederick Griffith. It was one of the first experiments showing that bacteria can get DNA through a process called transformation. These bacteria infect mice. He used a type III-S (smooth) and type II-R (rough) strain. -
The genetic code
The Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment was an experimental demonstration, reported in 1944 by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty, that DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation, in an era when it had been widely believed that it was proteins that served the function of carrying genetic information (with the very word protein itself coined to indicate a belief that its function was primary). -
Hershey-Chase experiments
He Hershey–Chase experiments were a series of experiments conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase that helped to confirm that DNA is the genetic material. -
Image 51
The nickname was given to an X-ray diffraction image of DNA taken by Raymond Gosling in May 1952, working as a Ph.D. student under the supervision of Rosalind Franklin, at King's College London in Sir John Randall's group. It was critical evidence in identifying the structure of DNA. -
Watson and Crick propose the double helix model of DNA structure
The double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology, which is largely concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical processes. -
Meselson and Stahl work with DNA replication
Meselson and Stahl faced a tangled problem. The Watson and Crick double helix seemed to suggest that the two strands dissociated, each giving rise to a new, complementary strand. The two daughter molecules would thus contain one strand each from the parent molecule, in a semiconservative replication fashion. -
Nirenberg crack the genetic code
By 1966, Nirenberg announced that he had deciphered the sixty-four RNA codons for all twenty amino acids. For his ground-breaking work on the genetic code, Nirenberg was awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. -
Endosymbiosis is described by Lynn Margulis
The Endosymbiotic Theory first postulated by Lynn Margulis in 1967. Dr. Margulis was doing research on the origin of eukaryotic cells. She looked at all the data about prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and organelles -
Galen of Pergamon describes the human body
Galen on the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body {De usu partium). Translated with commentary by Margaret Tallmadge May. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1968. -
Apollo 11 lands on the moon
Lunar Landing Mission. Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon. The first steps by humans on another planetary body were taken by Neil Armstrong -
Spliceosomes
Is a large and complex molecular machine found primarily within the splicing speckles of the cell nucleus of eukaryotic cells? The spliceosome is assembled from snRNAs and protein complexes. The spliceosome removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA, a type of primary transcript. -
The Sanger technique
Sanger sequencing, also known as the chain termination method, is a technique for DNA sequencing based upon the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication. It was developed by Frederick Sanger and colleagues in 1977. -
Deep sea hydrothermal vents and associated life around them
In 1977, scientists exploring the Galápagos Rift along the mid-ocean ridge in the eastern Pacific noticed a series of temperature spikes in their data. The scientists had made a fascinating discovery—deep-sea hydrothermal vents. They also realized that an entirely unique ecosystem, including hundreds of new species, existed around the vents. -
Kary Mullis develops Polymerase Chain Reaction
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, invented in 1985 by Kary B. Mullis, allowed scientists to make millions of copies of a scarce sample of DNA. Kary Mullis invented the PCR technique in 1985 while working as a chemist at the Cetus Corporation, a biotechnology firm in Emeryville, California. -
CRISPr/CAS 9
CRISPR is a family of DNA sequences in bacteria. The sequences contain snippets of DNA from viruses that have attacked the bacterium. These snippets are used by the bacterium to detect and destroy DNA from further attacks by similar viruses. These sequences play a key role in a bacterial defense system and form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR/Cas9 that effectively and specifically changes genes within organisms. -
The Innocence Project
Is a non-profit legal organization that is committed to exonerating wrongly convicted people through the use of DNA testing and to reforming the criminal justice system to prevent future injustice. The Innocence Project was founded in 1992 by Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld. -
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Dolly the sheep was cloned
Female domestic sheep and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. -
Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossil
History of Discovery: The first (and, so far, only) fossils of Sahelanthropus are nine cranial specimens from northern Chad. A research team of scientists led by French paleontologist Michael Brunet uncovered the fossils in 2001, including the type specimen TM 266-01-0606-1. -
Human genome is fully sequenced
Ongoing sequencing led to the announcement of the essentially complete genome on April 14, 2003, two years earlier than planned. In May 2006, another milestone was passed on the way to completion of the project, when the sequence of the last chromosome was published in Nature. -
Richard L Bible
Executed, In May 1987, Bible was released from prison after serving a sentence imposed in 1981 for kidnapping and sexual assault.
