-
157 BCE
Galen of Pergamon describes the human body
-
Lamarck develops Hypothesis of evolution by means of acquired characteristics
Lamarck was the first biologist to propose a mechanism for evolution. The theory talks about how species change over time. He developed this hypothesis in 1809. Burkhardt, Richard W. “Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 5 May 2014, www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Baptiste-Lamarck. -
The Voyage of the HMS Beagle
The HMS Beagle was a ship that was used for naturalist to travel around the sea. The trip began in 1831 and ended in 1836. On the ship, 22 year old Charles Darwin boarded the ship and while on the trip, he gained knowledge on biology and geology. “Darwin's Voyages.” National Geographic, 26 Mar. 2011, www.nationalgeographic.com.au/history/darwins-voyages.aspx. -
The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection
The origin of species was published on November 24, 1859 by scientist Charles Darwin. -
Louis Pasteur refutes spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur wanted everyone to know his beliefs on how life came to be. He used a scientific method to explain how life can easily arise from anything including thin air. Fenn, Craig W. “Louis Pasteur, Spontaneous Generation, and Germ Theory.” ZME Science, ZME Science, 12 May 2016, www.zmescience.com/other/feature-post/louis-pasteur-spontaneous-generation-germ-theory/. -
Gregor Mendel works on Inheritance of Traits in Pea Plants
Gregor Mendel studied inheritance because he wanted to know how traits would transfer over to the next generations. He didn't study this on humans rather than by using pea plants. His work was published in 1865. Miko, I. (2008) Gregor Mendel and the principles of inheritance. Nature Education 1(1):134 -
Plasmodium Falciparum is described as the causative agent of malaria
-
The Germ Theory of Disease
The germ theory of disease explains how diseases are transmitted and allows us to know how we can protect ourselves from getting those diseases. Louis Pasteur was a contributor who demonstrated the microorganisms that lived in the air. He was the one to discover a way to protect children from certain diseases using vaccines. Senior, Kathryn. “How and When Were Bacteria Discovered?” Types of Bacteria, 6 July 2017, www.typesofbacteria.co.uk/how-when-were-bacteria-discovered.html. -
Hardy and Weinberg developed the Hardy-Weinberg equation
The Hardy Weinberg equation explains how alleles are most likely to change over time. It is a mathematical equation that explains this change in population. Scoville, Heather. “The Hardy-Weinberg Principle: Genetic Probability and Evolution.” ThoughtCo, ThoughtCo, 16 July 2016, www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-hardy-weinberg-principle-1224766. -
T. Hunt Morgan discovers sex-linkage
-
Neils Bohr developed the Bohr Model of atom structure
While developing the Bohr Model, he discovered that electrons travel in different orbits. By using this model, you could see a small atom surrounded by many electrons. Palermo, Elizabeth. “Niels Bohr: Biography & Atomic Theory.” LiveScience, Purch, 28 Aug. 2017, www.livescience.com/32016-niels-bohr-atomic-theory.html. -
Frederick Griffith describes the process of Transformation
Frederick Griffith discovered in 1928 that bacteria can transfer genetic information through this process called transformation. Arnold, Paul. “The Griffith Experiment: How Frederick Griffith Discovered the Transfer of Genes Between Two Strains of Bacteria.” Bright Hub, 6 Mar. 2017, www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/43672.aspx. -
Avery, MacLoed, and McCarty determine that DNA carries the genetic code
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLoed, and Maclyn McCarty all said the transformation of bacteria from one type to another occurred through an action called "transforming principle." Cobb, Matthew. “Oswald Avery, DNA, and the Transformation of Biology.” Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, Elsevier, 20 Jan. 2014, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982213015157. -
Hershey Chase Expirement
The Hershey Chase experiment was performed by Alfred Hershey and his assistant Martha Chase in 1952. The experiment was based on a genetic material called DNA. They wanted to convince the world that DNA is the carrier of genetic information. “7.3 Discovery of DNA - The Hereditary Material.” Ck12, CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/7.3/. -
Rosalind Franklin works with DNA and X-Ray Crystallography and develops Image 51
Rosalind Franklin was a scientist and an expert in a technique called X-ray Crystallography. Her work was the answer to discovering the structure of DNA. She used the crystallography to find out the 3D shape of a molecule. Dr. Biology. (2012, August 19). Rosalind Franklin - DNA. ASU - Ask A Biologist. Retrieved May 6, 2018 from https://askabiologist.asu.edu/Rosalind_Franklin-DNA -
Watson and Crick propose the Double Helix Model of DNA Structure
Pray, L. (2008) Discovery of DNA structure and function: Watson and Crick. Nature Education 1(1):100 -
Meselson and Stahl work with DNA Replication
-
Endosymbiosis is described by Lynn Margulis
-
Nirenberg Cracks the Genetic Code
-
Apollo 11 lands on the moon
It took about two years for NASA to study the lunar surface trying to find the perfect place to land on the moon. It took the astronauts about 4 days to enter the lunar module also known as the "Eagle." They landed on the moon on July 16th of 1969. Redd, Nola Taylor. “Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon.” Space.com, Space.com, 19 Dec. 2017, www.space.com/16758-apollo-11-first-moon-landing.html. -
The Sanger Technique
The Sanger Method was developed by Fred Sanger in 1977. This method shows the sequencing of DNA which are basically strands of DNA. This sequence includes the letters A, T, G, and C. “Sanger Sequencing: Historical Development of Automated DNA Sequencing.” Methods and Technology for Genetic Analysis, 1 Aug. 2012, agctsequencing.wordpress.com/2012/08/01/sanger-sequencing-historical-development-of-automated-dna-sequencing/. -
Deep Sea Hydrothermal vents and associated life around them are discovered
-
Spliceosomes
Spliceosomes can be found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is a large and complex molecule that has splicing speckles. -
Kary Mullis develops Polymerase Chain Reaction
-
CRISPr/CAS 9
CRIPSR represents the repeated DNA sequenced in the genomes of the organisms. It is shortened for "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat. It uses CAS 9 to copy and paste DNA. Reis, Alex. “CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing: New Era in Molecular Biology.” New England Biolabs: Reagents for the Life Sciences Industry, 2014, www.neb.com/tools-and-resources/feature-articles/crispr-cas9-and-targeted-genome-editing-a-new-era-in-molecular-biology. -
The Innocence Project
The innocence project was founded by 2 lawyers back in 1992, it was used to determine the innocence of many prisoners who were wrongly sentenced. The project allowed those prisoners to get DNA tested and helped resolve many cases. “The Innocence Project.” Crime Museum, www.crimemuseum.org/crime-library/justice-system/the-innocence-project/. -
Dolly the Sheep is cloned
Dolly the sheep was cloned from an adult cell back in 1996. “Cloning Dolly the Sheep.” Ari.info, www.animalresearch.info/en/medical-advances/timeline/cloning-dolly-the-sheep/. -
Sahelanthropus Tchadensis fossil discovered
Sahelanthropus tchadensis is a species of apes who have been known for million of years. The first fossil was discovered in 2001 in West Central Africa. There was a discovery of 6 fossils; that include jaw pieces, teeth and hominin bones. Dorey, Fran. “Australian Museum.” Estuarine Crocodile, Crocodylus Porosus - Australian Museum, 9 Nov. 2009, australianmuseum.net.au/sahelanthropus-tchadensis. -
Human Genome
The Human Genome project was successfully completed on April 14, 2003. This experiment is used to determine what chemicals should be used to make up DNA. Fridovich-Keil, Judith L. “Human Genome Project.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 25 Apr. 2018, www.britannica.com/event/Human-Genome-Project.\ -
Richard L Bible is executed
Richard L Bible was executed with a lethal injection back in June 30th, 2011 after he kidnapped and sexually assaulted a 9 year old girl in Flagstaff, Arizona. Leibowitz, Barry. “Arizona Executes Richard Bible for Killing 9-Year-Old Girl in 1988.” CBS News, CBS Interactive, 30 June 2011, www.cbsnews.com/news/arizona-executes-richard-bible-for-killing-9-year-old-girl-in-1988/.
