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Natural Selection
Charles Darwin wrote that by means of natural selection, or the preservation of the favored species in the struggle for life. -
Heredity
Gregor Mendel demonstrated heredity using pea plants. -
Friedrich Miescher
Isolated DNA from cells for the first time and called it nuclein. -
Walter Flemming
Described chromosome behavior during animal cell division. He described the process of mitosis in 1882. -
Walter Sutton
Sutton observed that segregation of chromosomes during meisosis matched the segration pattern of Mendel's -
Archibald Garrod
Described the inheritance of disease as a genetic trait by observing alkaptonuria following the Mendelian rules of inheritance. -
Wilhelm Johannsen
The word "gene" was coined to describe heredity as described by Mendel. The words genotype and phenotype were used to differenitate gene traits and physical characteristics. -
DNA Transform Cells
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty show that DNA can transform the properties of cells. -
Watson and Crick
The double helix structure of DNA is described. -
Joe Hin Tjio
Discovered that human cells have exactly 46 chromosomes. -
Marshall Nirenberg
Discovered that with the four letter combinations, 20 kinds of amino acids make the proteins. -
First Animal Gene Cloned
Gene segments of DNA from African clawed frog Xenopus fused with E.Coli cell. -
DNA Sequencing
Frederick Sanger and colleagues and Alan Maxam and Walter Gilbert developed a way to quickly sequence DNA using color dyes to identify each of the four nucleic acids. -
PCR Invented
The method of amplifying small strands of DNA, the polymerase chain reaction is invented. Researchers make billions of copies of small segments of DNA. -
The Launch of the Human Genome Project
The Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health announced the 15 year project to sequence the human genome. -
Completion of the Human Genome Sequencing
The finished human genome sequence with 99.9% accuracy.
