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Francis Galton
He was a anthropologist. He is well known for conducting the first definitive study of human fingerprints. Set the groundwork for use in the criminal cases. Then he was able to collect a large amount through his laboratories which added up to be over 8,000 set of fingerprints. He was able to provide the first workable fingerprint classification system. -
Bloodstain Pattern Examination Kit
Some of the inclusions is a protractor, retractable steel tape measure, tape measure, photograph numbers, photograph, forensic scales, photographic rulers,evidence rule tape, and an easy to carry and the safest case for the materials. These items are needed for crime scenes for easy evidence that is there. That way if the crime scene has different blood stains in the area the person that is in charge of taking photos of the scene need to be able to do their job. -
Bloodstain Pattern Examination Kit Pt2
This also applies to the people who need to know where everything was in order to help solve the case.The first person to describe this was Dr.Eduard Piotrowski.There is 6 different patterns which are passive drops,arterial gushes,splashes, smears, trails, pools. The bloodstain pattern can help them get an idea of what might have happened.They could use the tape measure to see how far away the blood is and the markers for the photographs to get an idea after leaving the scene to confirm or deny. -
Leone Lattes
Leone who was an italian scientist. He was a forensic serologist. He developed a method for restoring dried blood samples. This was to be able to test the sample in order to test for the blood type. He was also a professor at the institute of Forensic Medicine in Turin Italy. -
Calvin Goddard
Calvin's full name is Calvin Hooker Goddard. He is the one that had brought professionalism, use of the scientific method, and the reliability to Forensic Firearm Identification this happened at a time when charlatanism was running wild in this field. The Frye and other cases helped to pave the way for judicial acceptance of Firearm Identification. He is the founder and the first editor of the Journal (American Journal of Police Science). -
Calvin Goddard Pt 3
The high level of knowledge that he held had the police calling him in order to help with cases in hopes of solving them. He was called upon in high profile cases such as Sacco and Vanzetti, and the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. He became known as a Forensic science pioneer because of his two well known creations. The police all over the US wanted him to help in different investigations. -
Calvin Goddard Pt 2
He also invented the comparison microscope which is used to help find out what bullet comes from which shell.The comparison microscope is two microscopes connected to an optical bridge. This allows two specimens to be looked at,compared all at once under the same device. Calvin and some other people made one of the most comprehensive ballistics databases of its time.He also helped in the establishment of the first independent forensic crime laboratory in the US.He had a high level of knowledge. -
Ultraviolet Light Technologies
Ultraviolet Light Technologies are used for many different purposes in forensic investigations.This could be used in authenticating paintings or other art, authenticating signatures, analyzing questioned documents,latent prints could be seen with ultraviolet light, they could also use this for trace evidence on clothing,ink stains can be seen, etc. The FBI guidelines recommend using ultraviolet analysis as the first choice to examine contaminated evidence. -
Leone Lattes Pt.2
He also came up with a method to determining blood type from a dried sample. The dried blood stains could be restored then be placed into blood type categories A,B,AB, or O. -
Blood Gas Analyzer Pt 3
The opertarter has to choose what test are needed to be done by using the keypad some will have computers connected to them in order to do this could be because the keypad is broken or they have an older version that does not have a keypad. The operators should know the risk of exposure to potentially infectious bloodborne pathogens during testing so precautions should be used.There also could be portable devices that are easier to carry around to different areas. -
Blood Gas analyzer
They use this to analyze and quantify the amount of different gases within the blood. They can measure the pH, electrolytes, and some of the metabolites in whole blood specimens. The people can also measure partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen and concentrations of many ions,and metabolites. They can also determine abnormal metabolite or electrolyte levels in the blood and the patients acid base balance and levels of carbon and oxygen exchange. -
Blood Gas Analyzer Pt 2
This could be a handheld device or a benchtop design which could be placed on a cart. The device has a keypad,display and a slot insert for the sample tube or a test strip. There is different models some may have an alarm,memory functions, USB ports to get the information to put it into a computer or a storage compartments for regents. The sample tubes are used for more whole blood samples while the test strips are used for smaller samples. -
Laser Trajectory Kit
This kit includes a ballistics angle finder, a ballistics laser pointer, a set of 4 bullet penetration rods, a set of 6 multi-colored photographic rods, a set of 2 rod connectors, a set of 2 bullet tips, a set of 2 stringing tips, a set of 4 centering cones, a universe tripod mount, a roll of colored trajectory string, and a case to hold it all along with some foam inside. The laser helps in locating the projectile trajectories at the crime scene. -
Laser Trajectory Kit Pt2
When the laser is on a penetration rod which has been put into a bullet hole, the beam of the laser can help them see in which direction and the angle it went to get the projectile exit and possible impact sites. -
Gunshot Residue Kit
The things included are SEM which stands for Scanning Electron Microscope analysis, metal discs which have adensive on them to collect anything. They are used on suspects hands to see if anything is on them. The dics are then sent to the lab so they can look very closely at the results. Then the information is only obtained by the laboratory examiner. The kit also has instructions,plastic gloves and an envelope to label evidence. There is different types of swabs to be used. -
Conviction of Colin Pitchfork
This was the first murder to be convicted using DNA evidence.The two girls were just teenagers.They had another suspect when the second girls body was found.The first girls case went cold until the second body that had been found.The month before there was a group that was able to figure out how to do DNA Fingerprinting.If this was not a thing before then the real murder would have been in the streets for a lot longer then he was and a person who didn't do the crime would have been sent to jail. -
DNA Profiling
The DNA Profiling is used as a forensic technique in criminal investigations, they have the suspects profile and they compare it to the DNA evidence this helps with seeing their likely involvement in the crime that was done. DNA Profiling is a process of determining on someone's DNA characteristics.During DNA profiling cells are collected they are then broken open to grant access to their DNA. As technology grows this process can start looking at smaller cells to do the same as the larger cells. -
NDIS
What does NDIS stand for the National DNA Index System. Is part of the CODIS the national level this containing the DNA profiles contributed by federal, state and local participating forensic laboratories. The following places participate all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the federal government, the US Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory, and Puerto Rico. This was able to be accomplished by the DNA Identification Act of 1994 -
CODIS
CODIS stands for Combined DNA Index System which is a FBI program of support for criminal justice DNA database along with as the software used to run these databases. DNA profiling is used, they use swabs to collect evidence and then compare it to the state database of convicted offender and arrestee profiles. When they get a hit on the database then they use another database and see if they get the same result just to confirm that it is that person. FBI don't store names in their database. -
NDIS pt 2
The DNA act specifies the data into categories which then maybe maintained in NDIS. This could also be requirements for participating laboratories relating to quality assurance, privacy, etc. There are requirements for the laboratories that are in the NDIS have to comply with the Quality Assurance Standards that are issued by the FBI Director. The laboratories submitting the DNA records are accredited by a non profit professional association of persons actively engaged in forensic science,etc.