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400 BCE
Historical background
In antiquity the influence of philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle is remarkable.
With the emergence of modern philosophy, the influence of Bacon and Descartes stands out
The ecclesiastical organization of the Catholic Church profoundly influenced administrative thinking
The military organization was highly influential in contributing principles that classical theory would incorporate more
go ahead -
Period: to
Administration precursors
Systematized organizations for manufacturing
Coordination of procedures and processes within internal operations
Emphasis on economic operations, inventory management, and cost control
Start of formal administration in the United States
Promotion of efficient and uninterrupted production
Ignore the relationship between an organization and its environment
Ignore differences between the opinions of managers and workers -
Period: to
Precursores de la Administración
Systematized organizations for manufacturing
Coordination of procedures and processes within internal operations Emphasis on economic operations, inventory management and cost control
Start of formal administration in the United States
Promotion of efficient and uninterrupted production
Limitations
Ignore the relationship between an organization and its environment
Ignore differences between the opinions of managers and workers -
Period: to
Scientific Administration
Analysis of the work with scientific methods to determine the "only and best way" for
production tasks.
Emphasis on the study of tasks, selection, training and cooperation between workers and
employers.
Improved productivity and efficiency in the factory.
Introduction of scientific analysis to the workplace.
Limitations
Workers as part of a machine.
Potential for the exploitation of labor. -
Period: to
Bureaucracy Theory
Bureaucracy: A structured and formal network of relationships between specialized positions in a
organization
Rules and regulations standardize behavior.
Trained specialist positions who follow the rules fill
Hierarchy determines the relationship between jobs
Contributions
Promotes efficient performance of routine activities
Eliminate subjective judgment by employees and bosses.
Give importance to the position and not to the person -
Period: to
Administrative Process Theory
The five functions and the 14 principles of Fayol administration
Executives determine the purpose of the organization, provide security to employees, and maintain
communications
Consider that administration is a profession in which it is possible to train and develop
Give importance to the big political aspects of senior managers
Offer universal management principles or standards -
Period: to
Theory of human relations
Productivity and employee behavior are influenced by the informal group of employees.
job
Cohesion, position and group norms determine production
Managers must stimulate the well-being, motivation and communication of employees
Social needs take precedence over economic ones
Contributions Psychological and social processes influence performance
Maslow's hierarchy of needs -
Period: to
Quantitative Administration
Application of quantitative analysis to managerial decisions
Introduction to Management by Objectives (APO) (Peter Drucker)
Contributions
Development of specific mathematical methods for problem analysis
Advantages of the APO:
Clarity of objectives
Planning improvement
Clear standards for control
Increased motivation
More objective evaluation -
Period: to
Organizational behavior
Promote employee effectiveness through understanding individual processes,
of group and of the whole organization
Highlight the relationships between employees, managers and the work they do for the organization
Assume that employees want to work and can control themselves (Theory Y)
Greater participation, greater autonomy, individual challenge and initiative, and job enrichment, which
contributes to improving performance -
Period: to
Systems Theory
The organization is considered an open system
The administration must interact with the environment to collect input elements and transform them into
the output elements of your production
Organizational objectives must encompass both efficiency and effectiveness
Organizations contain a number of subsystems There are many routes to the same result
There are synergies in which the whole is greater than the sum of its parts -
Period: to
Theory of Contingencies
Key concepts
The contingencies of situations influence strategies, structures and processes, resulting in
in high performance
There is more than one way to reach a goal
Managers can adapt their organizations to the situation
Contributions
Identify the most important contingencies
Challenge the universal principles of management -
Period: to
Actual trends
New administrative trends include:
Reengineering
Benchmarking
Outsourcing
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Six sigma
Empowerment
Just in time
Knowledge management
Balanced Scorecard
Coaching