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Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions
During the Agricultural Revolution advances were made to make farming and production raise and be more equitable. The Agricultural Revolution helped start the Industrial Revolution and made machinery possible to use. Both of these things are important, because they increased the production rate of Great Britain which would be beneficial to the economy. -
Napoleon Bonaparte Comes to Power
In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in France just as the French Revolution ended. France was left in shambles and Napoleon decided to use that as his advantage to take it under his wing. This is important, because it sets up Napoleonic Europe and will influence later actions of the other European nations. -
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Romanticism Era
Romanticism is an art era that expressed the importance of stepping back and looking at nature for what it is and what it has to give to you. This is important, because it was one of the larger "isms" that did not have any political background. Instead, it was a movement against industrialization, and it brought different realizations to people. -
Napoleon's Continental System
Napoleon's Continental System shut out British goods and ruin their commerce. This is important, because it would influence Russia, Prussia, and Austria to declare war on Great Britain. These fights would end up causing the Peninsular War. -
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna led to the creation and signing of the Treaty of Paris. This was important, because it restored the balance of power in Europe. It also restored peace that would supposedly last for a century. -
July Revolution
The July Revolution took place in France, and Charles X was chased off his throne by the bourgeoisie and was replaced by Louis Phillipe having the bourgeoisie now in charge again. This is important, because it would then lead to the Revolutions of 1830 in several places such as Belgium and Poland, because they saw what happened in Paris and were inspired to do a similar thing. One revolution made it possible for many others. -
Birth of Western Nationalism
Guiseppi Mazinni of Italy published "On the Duties of Man" which paved way for Western European nationalism. This is important, because Mazinni would be one of the main purposes as to how Italy became a unified country. -
10 Hours Act
The 10 Hours Act was put in place was made to insure that women and children would only work in a factory for a maximum of 10 hours a day. This is important, because it is the first step towards labor laws including child labor. -
Karl Marx Publishes "The Communist Manifesto"
During the period of the "isms" Karl Marx published "The Communist Manifesto" to outline the goals and purpose of communism and how it would make a country more beneficial. This is important to European history, because it influenced how countries would change their governments and liberal ways around that time and go on to change the view of Russia in the next couple decades. -
Revolutions of 1848
The Revolutions of 1848 reached all of Europe and is still the most widespread revolutionary wave in European history. This is important to European history, because in the way that these countries ended is the way they would stay until what would lead up until World War I. -
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Crimean War
The Crimean War was one of the longest Russo-Turkish wars. The ending result left Russia and Austria weak. This is important, because it left two strong powers almost powerless which gave countries that were working towards unification, Germany and Italy, be able to achieve unification. -
Italy's Unification
With the work of Cavour and Garabaldi, Italy was finally united to be one country. This is important, because without Italy's unification here, it would not have been as strong of a global power going into the world wars. Cavour and Garabaldi set Italy up for success politically and militarily which made it so strong in the upcoming wars. -
Emancipation Act of 1861
Tsar Alexander II created the Emancipation Act of 1861. This declared the abolition of serfdom and many other progressive ideas. This is important, because it is Russia's first steps to becoming a more liberal country. It changed how people should be treated and the rules that had to be followed to be more like Western Europe. -
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War was started by Otto von Bismarck of Prussia/North German Confederation. He wanted a distraction to make Germany consolidate and have the most powerful against each other. This is important because without the Franco-Prussian War, the unification of Germany would not have gone like it did if at all. -
The German Empire
The German Empire was finalized in 1871 through blood and iron as Bismarck would say. This is important to European history, because it would help lead to the start of toxic nationalism that would lead to imperialism. Bismarck wanted Germany to be the best and militarily sound country. This would lead to competition and would forever change how countries were viewed against each other.