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Friedrich Miescher
He isolated 'nuclein' DNA with associated proteins from cell nuclei. He was the first to identify DNA as a distinct molecule. He discovered that the molecule is composed of DNA. The DNA made nuclein 50% acidic while the attached protiens made it 50% basic. The isolation of the nucleus of the cell was a major contrubution to the discovery of genetic code. -
Frederick Griffith
Griffith's experiment was the first experiment suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic info through the process known as transformation. He also injected mice with s-strain bacteria that had been killed by heat. -
Oswald Avery, Macclyn McCarty, Colin McCleod
They showed the DNA (not proteins) can transform the properties of cells, clarifying the chemical nature of genes. They identified DNA as the 'transforming principle' while studying streptococous pneumoniae, bacteria that can cause pneumonia. -
Barbara McClintock
She discovered two new dominant and interacting genetic loci that she named dissociation (Ds) and Activator (Ac). She also hypothesized that gene regulation could explain how complex multicellular organisms made of cells with identical genomes have cells of different function. Her discovery led to chromosome- breaking locus that could change position within a chromosome. She won a Nobel prize. -
Erwin Chargaff
Researching and investigating DNAs function he made two discoveries about the molecule. Firstly amount of thymine and adenine identical as at the amount of cytosine and guanine. Second discovery is that DNA of different species differs in its proportion -
Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase
The ‘blender’ experiment proved that DNA carried genetic info. Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material. They determined that a protective protein coat was formed around the bacteriophage, but that the internal DNA is what conferred its ability to produce progeny inside a bacterium. -
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
Concept 19 the DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder. Crick and Watson solved the structure of dna and Franklin and wilkins contributed. Franklin’s image of the dna molecule was key to deciphering its structure but only Watson, Crick and Wilkins revived the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine for their work in 1962 -
James Watson and Frances Crick
The Nobel Peace Prize in Physiology or medicine was awarded to them for solving the structure of DNA. They determined that the structure was a double helix polymer that contained long chains of nucleotides. They also discovered that DNA replicates itself by separating into two individual strands to become a new helixThe two scientists had a fallout after Crick felt he wasn't given enough credit in Watson's book. -
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl confirmed Watson and Crick's structure of DNA (double helix). They also conducted an experiment by modifying molecules so they hold different densities and separate. This experiment proves how DNA is replicated. Many people regarded their experiment because of its simplicity. -
Frederick Sanger
he published a sequencing procedure using DNA polymerase with radiolabelled nucleotides. It could sequence up too 80 nucleotides in one go. He named it the "plus and minus technique". It was the first fully sequenced DNA-based genome. he won two Nobel Prize and on top of that discovered the coding regions of some genes overlapped with one another. -
Linus Pauling
He became know as the founder of molecular biology due to his discovery of the spiral structure of proteins ( taton 1964 ) Although the chemistry was wrong. Pawlings triple stranded DNA model was a The list for James Watson and Francis Crick To solve the structure of DNA. -
Paul Berg
He won a Nobel Prize shared alongside Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. He conducted an experiment using bacteria and enzymes where combined different genes from organisms which resulted in the first man-made recombinant DNA (rDNA). and put together the first DNA molecules. -
Kary Mullis
Kary Mullis invented the polymerase chain reaction. It allows scientists to produce unlimited amounts of highly purified DNA molecules. With the help of the enzyme DNA polymerase, new DNA chains are formed and the process can then be repeated. In 1993 he won the Nobel Prize in chemistry and shared it with Michael Smith. The same year he earned the Japan prize. -
J. Craig Venter
J. Craig Venter focused his time on the human genome project. He also began the race to sequence the human genome by assembling the first team to transfect a cell with a synthetic chromosome. He developed the EST This method was a lot faster and cheaper than the human genome project. He also founded the J. Craig Venter institute.
