-
War of Independence against Napoleon.
Napoleon decided to invade Spain. He forced the two candidates in Bayonne to renounce the Crown and named his brother Joseph Napoleon the new king of Spain. -
Promulgation of the first Spanish Constitution.
The Cortes of Cádiz promulgated the Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy, affectionately known as "La Pepa" for having been enacted on Saint Joseph's day. The constitution had ten titles and 384 articles and was of a markedly liberal character. -
Return of absolutism with Fernando VII.
His return caused a return to absolutism. His first political decision was a coup d'état that abolished the Constitution of Cádiz and led to the restoration of absolutism, practicing strong repression. -
The Liberal Triennium begins.
Was a military uprising that it was the trigger for the Revolution of 1820 and the definitive loss of the Spanish Empire in America. -
The "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis"
Was the popular name for a French army mobilized in 1823 by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII, to help the Spanish Bourbon royalists restore King Ferdinand VII of Spain to the absolute power of which he had been deprived during the Liberal Triennium. -
Ferdinand VII dies.
Three-year-old Elizabeth II inherits the throne. The regents are María Cristina (wife of the deceased King) and General Espartero. -
Constitution of 1845
It was the supreme law during the effective reign of Isabella II, which replaced the Constitution of 1837 as the supreme law during her minority. It was the constitutional expression of Spanish doctrinarism. -
Progressive Biennium
The Progressive Biennium is the name given to the brief period in Spanish history between July 1854 and July 1856, during which the Progressive Party sought to reform the political system of the reign of Isabel II. -
La Gloriosa
It was a military uprising with civilian elements that led to the dethronement and exile of Queen Isabella II and the beginning of the period known as the Democratic Sexenio. -
Cantonalism arises
Cantonalism was eminently a phenomenon of the petty bourgeoisie, which also had a great influence on the nascent workers' movement and constituted a precedent for anarchism in Spain. -
Promulgation of the Constitution of Cánovas del Castillo.
This constitution was based on a constitutional draft promoted by a group of 300 notables, former senators and deputies from previous legislatures, convened by the President of the Government, the liberal-conservative Cánovas del Castillo, and was the basis of the political regime of the Bourbon Restoration. -
(P.S.O.E.)
Pablo Iglesias founded the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (P.S.O.E.). The PSOE has been in government longer than any other political party in modern democratic Spain. -
Cuban War of Independence against Spain.
Fought from 1895 to 1898, it was the last of three wars of liberation that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War and the Little War. -
PNV
The Basque Nationalist Party, founded by Sabino Arana, was officially constituted on 31 July 1895. It has been part of the French Basque Country. -
Spanish-American War.
Spain was defeated and lost Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam.