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Period: 711 to 713
First Muslim raids into India
The initial entry of Islam into South Asia came in the first century after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. The Umayyad caliph in Damascus sent an expedition to Baluchistan and Sindh in 711 led by Muhammad bin Qasim. He captured Sindh and Multan. -
750
Establishment of the Abbasid caliphate (Baghdad)
Baghdad became a center of science, culture, philosophy, and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. -
809
First war succession between Abbasid princes
The conflict between the brothers al-Amin and al-Mamun over the succession to the throne of the Abbasid Caliphate. -
945
Persian Buyids capture Baghdad
Baghdad is captured by Persian Buyids and the caliphs become puppet rulers -
998
Beginning of Ghazni raids into western India
Mahmud began a series of seventeen raids into northwestern India -
1055
Seljuk Turks over-throw Buyids, control caliphate
Tughril captured Baghdad from the Shia Buyids under a commission from the Abbasid Caliph -
Period: 1096 to 1099
First Christian Crusade in Palestine
During the First Crusade, Christian knights from Europe capture Jerusalem after seven weeks of siege and begin massacring the city's Muslim and Jewish. -
1206
Establishment of the Delhi sultanate in India
The Delhi Sultanate are five short-lived Muslim kingdoms of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin that ruled the territory of Delhi between 1206 and 1526 CE. -
1258
Fall of Baghdad to Mongols; end of Abbasid caliphate
The Mongols were under the command of Hulagu Khan, brother of the khagan Möngke Khan, who had intended to further extend his rule into Mesopotamia but not to directly overthrow the Caliphate. -
1290
Beginning of the spread of Islam in south-east Asia
The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders brought Islam to the region.
