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Independence
-India and Pakistan gain their independence from Britain (Indo-Pakistani).
-States ally themselves with either India or Pakistan (Kashmir).
-Hari Singh, the Hindu ruler of Muslim Kashmir, was unable to decide whether to join Pakistan or India, and tried to remain neutral (Kashmir). -
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Kashmir Wars
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The Kashmir Wars
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Events leading to the 1st Kashmir War
-Muslims in West Kashmir and Pashtun tribes began revolting (Kashmir).
-Hari Singh signed an Accession with India (Kashmir).
-Pakistan was enraged (Kashmir). -
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First Kashmir War
-Muslims revolt for Pakistan in Kashmir (India).
-Kashmir asked India for assistance (India). -
United Nations Intervene
United Nations call for a cease-fire between Pakistan and India (A brief). -
End of 1st Kashmir War
Until this date, Pakistan refused to end fighting peacefully for Kashmir (A brief). -
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Events Leading to the 2nd Kashmir War
-Line of Control is created (A brief).
-A vote was held to determine Kashmir's fate (A brief).
-India's share of Kashmir was large (Indo-Pakistani). Pakistan received territory that was “thinly populated, relatively inaccessible, and economically und
-U.S. gives weapons to India and Pakistan for personal reasons (The Second).
-U.S. wanted to counter Chinese communism in the area (The Second).
-India feared it would be attacked when the U.S. and Pakistan allied in 1954 (The Second). -
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2nd Kashmir War
-Pakistan planned an "operation" to liberate Kashmir (Chowdhry).
-Fighting began in Rann of Kutch, which is at the southern part of the Indo-Pakistani border (Joshi).
-Eventually, the war moved to Kashmir (Joshi). -
United Nations Intervene Again
-United Nations called for a cease-fire (The India). -
India Stops Fighting
India moves out of Kashmir and ends it's side of the violence (The India). -
End of 2nd Kashmir War
-Pakistan lays their arms down 2 days after the cease-fire is called (The India). -
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Events Leading to the 3rd Kashmir War
-Indian Prime Minister Shastri dies (A brief).
-General Yahya Khan begins to rise in Pakistan (A brief).
-Zulikfar Ali Bhutto threatened to quit the United Nations unless the Kashmir dispute was settled (A brief).
Bhutto called India “a great monster, a great aggressor” (qtd. in The Second).
-Another plebiscite, or vote, over Kashmir is held, but it failed to come through (The Second).
-Pakistan killed thousands of people in an attempt to establish authority (Joshi). -
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3rd Kashmir War
-East Pakistan became independent with India's help (A brief).
-East Pakistan became the country of Bangledesh (A brief)
-War over Kashmir contiuned between India and Pakistan after Pakistan bombed an Indian airbase and India formally declared war (A brief). -
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Aftermath
-Issues are resolved by Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Bhutto, Pakistan's foregin minister (A brief).
-Bhutto is arrested and executed (Kashmir).
-Fighting on a local level continued (A brief)
-General Zia ul Haq turns Pakistan into a military dictatorship (A brief).
-Kashmiri's disliked Indira Gandhi's methods of using her power and slowly went towards Pakistan (A brief). -
India's Nuclear Weapons
India began testing nuclear weapons (A brief). -
Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons
Pakistan began testing nuclear weapons (A brief). -
U.S. Intervenes
President Clinton meets with Pakistani Minister Nawaz Shariff for peace talks (A brief). -
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Kashmir Conflict Dwindles Down
-A final cease-fire was called to end all fighting and protests over Kashmir (Kashmir).
-Relations begin to fuction normally between Pakistan, India, and Kashmir with trading, transport, and communications (Kashmir).
