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Indian Rebellion
Also known as the Sepoy Rebellion, this event began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army. British arrogance was angering both Muslims and Hindus.The tallow used to grease the cartridges was made of cow and pig fat, the former forbidden to be eaten by Hindus, the latter by Muslims. On Sunday May 10th a mutiny broke out and Sepoys killed about fifty men, women, and children. -
Government of India act 1858
The British regain control because of the Indians' poor leadership. Called for the liquidation of the British East India Company (who had up to this point been ruling British India under supervision of Parliament) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown. In simplest terms, the Act ushered in a new period of Indian history, signifying the end of the East India Company rule and the start of the British Raj, which would last for the next 89 years (until partition of 1947). -
Formation of Indian National Congress
Nationalism led to the creation of this group. First they were concentrated in specific indian concerns. Later on they would be concentrated on self- government. A product of this intensifying nationalism was the Indian National Congress, who hoped to unite all Indians and progress towards Indian independence from Britain. -
Gandhi is ejected from a South African train.
In May 1893, while Gandhi was on his way to Pretoria, a white man instructed Gandhi to move to a different van compartment. Gandhi, who had a first-class ticket, refused, and was thrown off the train at Pietermaritzburg. -
Muslim League
Another nationalist group. This was partly caused because of the division of pronvinces by religion. Also, the Muslim League concentrated in minor Indian concerns and then towards self government. -
Gandhi is arrested for the first time
Gandhi is arrested and sent to prison for two months for refusing to carry a mandatory ID card in South Africa -
Meeting with the British Government
After the Amristar Massacre Gandhi met up with the British representatives/ viceroy. In this meeting Gandhi spoke in behalf of the Indians, that that harsh treatments and those killings were in vain. He insisted that the only way to remedy it was for the British to leave India forever, however the British officials denied. Finally, Gandhi said that they would eventually "walk out of India." -
Gandhi returns to India
Gandhi arrived at Apollo Bunder in Bombay. Three days later he was honored by the peope of Bombay. Gandhi received a "Kaiser-I-Hind" gold medal in the King’s birthday honours list of 1915. Gandhi agreed with his political mentor that he would go on a one year probation where Gandhi would not be exposed to any questions from the public. But his mentor had died while Gandhi was in India. He wears typical Indian traditional cloth instead of suit to show to Indian that he is not difference from them -
Indian return from war
The Indians had enlisted in the British troops during WW1. As a result the British had promised reforms that would've lead to self government. But, the British government ignored their service in WW1. Natonalistic feelings grew and Indian radicals showed their hatred to the British rule. -
1919 Amritsar Massacre
On Sunday April 13, 1919, fifty British Indian Army soldiers, commanded by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, began shooting at an unarmed gathering of men, women, and children without warning in Amritrar, a city in the Punjab region of northwestern India. Indian National Congress estimated the number of casualties to be around 1500. -
Civil Disobedience
The Congress party issued a civil disobedience. They disobeyed the law with peaceful means to gain independence and weaken the British's economy and authority. -
Gandhi Launches Satyagraha
Mohandas Ghandi emerges as a leader in the struggle for India's independence from British rule. Ghandi changed the essence of the Indian National Congress in his leadership by advocating for a policy of passive political resistance against British rule in India known as Satyagraha. The essence of Satyagraha is to exterminate antagonists without violence. -
Demonstration
British struggled to keep factories operating and crowded jails from bursting. Indians were arrested for their participation in such strikes and demonstrations. -
Gandhi begins a fast for 21 days
Gandhi's 21 day fast was an attempt to reconcile Hindus and Muslims. The fasting would "purify" Gandhi. The attempt at reconciliation failed, however. -
The Great Salt March
The Dandi March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, began on 12 March 1930 and was an important part of the Indian independence movement. Led by Mohandas Ghandi and inspired by the economic unrest of the Great Depression, several dozen followers marched to Dandi in the west coast of India. It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. -
Gandhi is arrested
Mahatma Gandhi and 50,000 others were arrested for participating in the Salt March. -
Protest by fasting
Gandhi fasts to protest treatment of Untouchables, who were cruely and unfairly treated. -
Hungar pangs
Gandhi often recured to hunger strikes. He would stop eating as a way to protest against the British. He also used hunger strikes because he knew British authorities would be loathed if he were to die under their custody. -
Government of India Act 1935
The 1935 Government of India Act was the last constitution of the British Raj. The Act: gave Indian provinces more independence, allowed for a bicameral legislature in the Madras province with a Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council, and direct elections were scheduled for winter of 1936-1937 for election of Legislative Assembly. The Act also separated Sind from Bombay, Orissa from Bihar, and Burma from India. -
End of British Raj
On July 18, 1947, British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act, which finalized the partition of the Indian sub-continent into mainly Hindu India and the Muslim-majority state of Pakistan, which originally included two territories, East Pakistan and West Pakistan. The British Raj had existed since 1858, a rule of about 89 years. -
Indian independence becomes official
August 15, 1947: Indian independence becomes official, as does the partition into two countries, India and Pakistan. -
Assassination of Mohandas Gandhi
Since 1934 there were 5 unsuccessful attempts to kill Gandhi. But on Jan. 30 1948 he was finally killed by Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte. Surrounded by his family, he took three gunshots in front of a building where a prayer meeting was about to take place. Both Godse and Apte were sentenced to death by hanging. The assassination is a huge deal because Gandhi was such a major moral, political, and idealogical leader during the Indian Independence movement.
