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Indian Mutiny
This was the first Indian revolt against Britain to gain independence. At first, Indian soldier, sepoys, revolted against Britain, by shooting their British officers.
Picture: Sepoys dividing the loot after the mutiny against British officers. Source (Information): Marshal, P. (2011, February 17). British India and the ‘Great Rebellion’ Retrieved May 10, 2015, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/indian_rebellion_01.shtml -
Government of India Act
British government passed Government of India Act that placed India under complete British rule. Source (Information): Parliament and India, 1858-1947. (n.d.). Retrieved May 10, 2015, from http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/parliamentary-archives/archives-highlights/indian-independence/ -
Foundation of Hindu Indian National Congress
Hindu Indian National Congress, Congress Party, was created in order to get rid of the foreign rule in India, or to become independent from Britain. In the same year, Gandhi’s father, Karamchand Gandhi, dies. Picture: flag of the Indian National Congress -
First Act of Civil Disobedience
On this day, Gandhi refused to move from first class seat in the train, since he deserves it. As a lawyer, Gandhi traveled to South Africa to ensure that Africans were treated well in the colonies. While he was there, he meets Charly Andrews, who helps him. Gandhi had a hard time convincing people to avoid violence in order to change the government.
Picture: Gandhi in South Africa. -
Creation of Muslim League
Muslim League was formed in order to protect Muslim interests, and shared the common goal with the Congress Party. They both supported British rule and beliefs of democracy. Picture: Members that led the foundation of the Muslim League. -
Gandhi returns to Bombay
Gandhi comes back to India, and witnesses severe poverty, where Indians were forced work in the fields. Gandhi decides to fight against the British Government. People call him “Bapu”, “father” in Indian.
Picture: Gandhi and his wife in 1915.
Brent, R. (n.d.). Gandhi Receives Hero's Welcome Upon Returning to India from South Africa. Retrieved May 11, 2015, from http://worldhistoryproject.org/1915/1/9/gandhi-receives-heros-welcome-upon-returning-to-india-from-south-africa -
Britain breaks the promise
India had joined WWI as British ally since Britain had promised to let them self-govern in the future. However, in 1918, when they came back from the war, Indians were continued to be treated as lower class citizens. Picture: Indian Army on the Western Front in 1914. -
Britain passes the Rowlatt Act
The British Government passes the Rowlatt Act in order to eliminate the dissent. Protesters were put into jail without trial because of this law. Picture: Picture of Sydney Rowlatt, who led the Rowlatt Act. -
Rowlatt Act triggers Amritsar Massacre
Rowlatt Act led to Amritsar Massacre, when the protestors were publiclt meeting against this act. At this time, any public meeting was forbidden by British law. As a result, they were shot by British, without any warning. Picture: photograph of Amritsar Massacre Memorial, in Jallianwala Bagh, that was built in 1961. -
Civil Disobedience
Indian National Congress supported intentional public disobedience to follow unfair British law. This also supported Indians to achieve independence from British government, without any violence. -
Protest of Burning Clothes
Gandhi and his followers burned British clothes to demonstrate disgust toward British goods and foreign rule.
Picture: Illustration of burning the clothes Source: Gandhi, R. (2008). The Empire Challenged. In Gandhi: The man, his people, and the empire (p. 738). Berkeley, California: University of California Press. -
Incident of Chauri Chaura
The fire was set on a police station in Chauri Chaura. This was one of the major violent riot was made as non-cooperation movement against the British government. Gandhi was disappointed. Source: Brent, R. (n.d.). Nationalist Mob Sets Fire to a Police Station in Chauri Chaura Incident, Prompting Mahatma Gandhi to Call Off the Non-Cooperation Movement. Retrieved May 11, 2015, from http://worldhistoryproject.org/1915/1/9/gandhi-receives-heros-welcome-upon-returning-to-india-from-south-africa -
Gandhi Fasts
Gandhi fasts for a few days because of the murder of policemen in Chauri Chaura. In order to convince his followers about non-violence, he puts himself in a danger of death. Source: Suhrud, T. (Ed.). (n.d.). Chronologie: Page du détail des événements. Retrieved May 12, 2015, from https://www.gandhiheritageportal.org/eventcontentdetail/MTA=/NzM4Nw== -
Gandhi gets arrested
Gandhi was arrested under Britain since he “provoked” the violent protest. He was sentenced six years of imprisonment, yet he was released after two years.
Picture: Gandhi at the court. Source: Brent, R. (n.d.).Gandhi is Arrested by the British Government on Charges of Inciting Violence at Chauri Chaura. Retrieved May 11, 2015, from http://worldhistoryproject.org/1922/3/10/gandhi-is-arrested-by-the-british-government-on-charges-of-inciting-violence-at-chauri-chaura -
Gandhi leads Salt March
Under British law, Indians were taxed when purchasing British salt. They could not get salt from any other sources but from the British government. Gandhi and his followers protested peacefully by making their own salt. This influenced more Indians to protest without violence, yet about 60,000 people were arrested with Gandhi.
Picture: Statue of Salt March was built in Delhi. -
Gandhi heads to England
Gandhi headed to England to participate a conference as a representative of India in order to talk about the current social class issues in India.
Picture: photograph of the conference.
Source: Brent, R. (n.d.). Gandhi Sets Sail for England to Represent the Indian National Congress at the Second Round Table Conference. Retrieved May 11, 2015, from http://worldhistoryproject.org/1931/8/29/gandhi-sets-sail-for-england-to-represent-the-indian-national-congress-at-the-second-round-table-conference -
British Parliament passes India Act
Thanks to Gandhi and his followers, British Parliament passed India Act, which provided local self-government and limited democratic elections. Yet, this did not ensure total independence. Picture: Coat of Arm of the British Parliament. British Parliament passed the India Act. -
Quit India Movement
Gandhi told Britain to withdraw from India since it was all their fault that Japanese are approaching India, the failure of Cripps Mission, and Indian frustration against Britain. All India Congress Committee passes ‘Quit India’, and infuriated Britain arrested Gandhi and other leaders.
Picture: Procession during the movement.
Source Nasta, S. (n.d.). 1942 Quit India Movement. Retrieved May 10, 2015, from http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/1942-quit-india-movement -
Kasturba Gandhi's Death
Gandhi's wife, Kasturba Gandhi, died in Aga Khan Palace, as a result of her weakened health. She was 74 years old. Picture: A memorial of Kasturba Gandhi in Aga Khan Palace.
Source: Mungur, L. (n.d.). Kasturba Gandhi. Retrieved May 14, 2015, from http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/kasturba-gandhi -
Indian Independence
With the help of Gandhi's act of civil disobedience, British Government, finally, officially passed the Independence of India. Picture: A first stamp of Indian Independence issued on the same year.
Source: Correspondent, N. (2014, August 15). Independent India’s first Stamp Featured in August 15 Google Doodle. Retrieved May 14, 2015, from http://gadgets.ndtv.com/others/news/independent-indias-first-stamp-featured-in-independence-day-2014-doodle-576209 -
Infuriated Citizens of India and Pakistan
Due to the act, passed by British government, that granted independence to opposing Pakistan and India, Indian citizens were required to decide where to go. Citizens killed each other, when they were moving, because of hate among different religions.
Picture: Family of Sikh traveling by foot to their destination after the partition. -
Gandhi fasts to death
Gandhi fasts to death to stop the violence and incorporation between Muslims and Hindus. Gandhi continued to fast even though some Hindus started to oppose him, since he was being too protective of the Muslims in Pakistan. This became his last fast. -
Assassination of Gandhi
Gandhi was shot by a Hindu, who believed that Gandhi was protecting Muslims too much after the partition. Picture: Nathuram Godse assassinated Matahma Gandhi.
