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1214
Magna Carta
The army was paid by the crown which then caused some of the barons to be unsettled. This is important because it caused an uproar with some of the barons and they fought back. -
Mar 9, 1497
Nicolaus Copernicus
In Bologna, the first known observation of eclipses, alignements and conjunctions of planets and stars. Only 27 observations are known throughout Copernicus’s life. This is important because he might have found something that no one knew about because no one knew about his findings. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther: 95 Theses
Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church. The theses then would become the base of the Protestant Reformation. This is important because he was challenging the church and during this time that was something that people did not do. -
Mayflower Compact
41 adult males along with 2 servants signed the mayflower compact. And at that time it was not called the Mayflower Compact. This is important because only males signed it including two servants. -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau published ‘A discourse on the Sciences and the Arts’. Its theme was about a man that had become corrupted by society and civilisation. This is important because he was challenging people to think about society and what it does to the community. -
Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations
“The Wealth of Nations” was published by Adam Smith. The book talks about what builds a nation's wealth and about economics. It also talks about other broad topics such as productivity, free markets, and division of labour. This is important because it was the first book to look at economics and changing how the economy works. -
Declaration of Independecne
Richard Henry Lee brought up the motion to the Congress to declare independence. Some of the members of Congress did not think that some of the colonies were ready but they did make a committee to draft a declaration of independence and Thomas Jefferson was in charge of that. This is important because it was the start of the process in writing the Declaration of Independence. -
Immanuel Kant
The Critique of Pure Reason was published. He talked about the relationship between reason and human experience. He wanted people to move away from the failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. This is important because this was the first time something like this was being talked about. -
Mary Wollstonecraft
Wollstonecraft talks about education children and teaching them about self-discipline, social contentment, honesty, frugality and to reason. This is important because every child should know how to do these things and if they do not know how to they may have a hard time surviving in the real-world. -
Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy in America
Tocqueville thought that the U.S. had the most advanced example of equality. But he warned that a society of individuals is not always good because some could be “lost in the crowd”. This is important because he saw that “Americans” had freedom but Native Americans and slaves were being mistreated. This showed people what was really happening and that it was wrong. -
Karl Marx
Submitted a doctoral dissertation to the University at Jena and Marx received his degree. This is important because this was the first time he had submitted his work. -
Sojourner Truth: Ain’t I a Women
In 1863, Francis Gage published the “Ain’t I a Women” speech. There is some controversy about the speech because the most popular publishment of the speech was 12 years later. This is important because it shows that some of the things in the speech that was published might not be correct. -
Abraham Lincoln: Gettysburg Address
Abraham Lincoln started to write the gettysburg address before leaving the White House. He finished writing it and revising it that night. This is important because his speech was so famous and he wrote in within 24 hours. -
Derrick Bell
Bell had a five-day sit-in in his office in protest of Stanford University not granting two faculty members tenure. The sit-in was supported by students but some faculty was not supportive of it because they said the two faculty members should not be granted tenure because of substandard teaching. This is important because he was standing up for something that he believed in no matter what other people thought. -
John Maynard Keynes
At the Bretton Woods conference in the United State, John Maynard Keynes brought the British delegation. Kaynes played a large part in the planning of the World bank and International Monetary Fund. This is important because he was apart of the planning of the World bank and international monetary fund which are still used today. -
Simone de Beauvoir
Beauvoir had written her first philosophical essay which talked about existentialist ethics. In 1947, she published her second essay which continued to talk about existentialism. This is important because she talked about how people are individuals and that they should be able to make their own choices. -
Martin Luther King: I have a Dream
King spoke at the Booker T. Washington High School and gave a similar but longer speech than the “I have a dream” speech. This is important because King made time to speak to the next generation in hopes of inspiring them. -
Milton Friedman
Won a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research. He researched consumption analysis, the complexity of stabilization policy, and monetary history and theory. This is important because he won an award for his research. -
Judith Butler
Gender Trouble was first published. It talks about the categories of sexuality, gender, and sex. Butler argued that these categories are culturally constructed. This is important because in her book she challenges the idea about binary sex and makes people rethink about how they see the terms “gender” and “sex. -
Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw
Crenshaw co-founded the nonprofit think tank and information clearninghouse called African American Policy Forum. It looks at issues of gender and diversity. The purpose is to build connections between scholarly research and public discourse. This is important because it give people a place where they can go and research about gender and diversity and how they can go to other people and share what they found.