-
Peyton Rous
Showed that tumors can be caused by viruses -
Barbara McClintock
Discovered the ability of genes to change position on a chromosome -
Oswald T. Avery
Proved genetic material is DNA -
Jane Wright
One of the first to study chemotherapy for cancer treatments and developed the technique of using human tissue culture rather than laboratory mice to test effects of potential drugs on cancer cells. -
Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings
Discovered drugs to treat leukemia and to make organ transplants possible -
Sir Peter Medawar
Discovered acquired immunity and immune tolerance -
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin
Discovered the structure of DNA -
Peter Doherty and Rolf Zinkernagel
Discovered the specificity of cell-mediated immunity -
Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar
Discovered how cells repair damaged DNA, which can lead to new ways to treat cancer and other diseases -
Oliver Smithies
Helped develop gene targeting, which allows scientist to disable individual genes to understand what they do
