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Reign of Joseph I
Was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy. -
Steam Engine
Is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. -
Pragmatic Sanction
Austrian throne and Habsburg lands would be inherited by Emperor Charles VI's daughter, Maria Theresa. -
Flying Shuttle
It was a pivotal advancement in the mechanisation of weaving during the initial stages of the Industrial Revolution, and facilitated the weaving of considerably broader fabrics, enabling the production of wider textiles. -
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First Indutrial Revolution
It was a process in which lots of technological advances took place. -
Spinning Jenny
Was a hand-powered spinning machine with 40 needles. -
Water Frame
Is a spinning frame that is powered by a water-wheel. -
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American Revolutionary War
13 British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America fought for their independence from Great Britain. -
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War of Independence
It was a war in which Americans fought for its independence against the Great Britain. -
U.S Declaration of Independence
The U.S. demanded the independece from the Great Britain due to lots of different reasons. -
Treaty of Versailles
Great Britain recognised American independence and the birth of the United States -
Power Weaving Loom
Is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. -
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Reign of Charles IV
The Spain inherited by Charles IV gave few indications of instability, but during his reign, Spain entered a series of disadvantageous alliances and his regime constantly sought cash to deal with the exigencies of war. -
Adoption of the U.S. Constitution
It estabilished a federal republic based on popular sovereignty and the separation of powers. -
The National Assembly
The Third Estate proposed a new form of voting. As they didn´t agree, they declared themselves the true representatives and demanded a constitution. -
Constituent Assembly
The king agreed on Third Estate´s proposal. While in Paris people riot, due to this Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen. -
Convocation of the Estates General
In 1789 Louis XVI decided to call Estates General in order to increase taxes. -
Storming of the Bastille
Protesters decided to attack this political prison in Paris. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
The constituent assembly implemented this legal reform due to the riots in Paris. -
Spinning Mule
Is a machine used to spin cotton and other fibres. -
First French Constitution
The Constituent Assembly adopted this constitution due to revolts and riots in Paris. -
Legislative Assembly
A new Legislative Assembly was elected, Girondins and Jacobins dominated it. It abolished the monarchy in September 1792 and declared France a Republic. -
The Convention
Louis XVI was accussed of treason and was executed. While Robespierre and Jacobins took power and imposed a dictatorship known as Terror -
Execution of Louis XVI
During the Convention, Louis XVI was accused of treason, and then executed. -
Directory
France´s moderate middle class had gained control of the country so they stablished Directory. -
Treaty of Basel
It was a summary of the two signed treaties between France and Prussia and France and Spain. -
Consulate
There was a military coup and Napoleon established a new form of government called the Consulate. -
Napoleon´s Coup D´État
General Napoleon Bonaparte made a military coup and stabilished a new form of government called Consulate. -
Treaty of San Ildefonso
It was a secret treaty signed by Spain and France during napoleonic wars. -
Napoleonic Civil Code
Set of laws that applied equal to all citizens. -
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Napoleonic Empire
Napoleon gradually increased his power and was named First Consul, then he declared himself emperor of France in 1804. -
Locomotive
Is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. -
Battle of Trafalgar
It was a naval battle in which French and Spanish were defeated by British. -
Battle of Austerlitz
It was a battle between France and Austrian and Prussian army. -
Launch of First Steamship
Fulton's steamboat, the Clermont, made its first voyage on the Hudson River traveling 40 miles from New York to Albany in a record eight hours. -
Battle of Bailén
Was fought in 1808 between the Spanish Army of Andalusia, led by General Francisco Javier Castaños and the Imperial French Army's II corps d'observation de la Gironde under General Pierre Dupont de l'Étang. -
Revolt of Aranjuez
This was a revolt made through Madrid´s streets for the politics of Manuel Godoy. -
The Uprising of People of Madrid
Took place in Madrid, Spain, on 2–3 May 1808. The rebellion, mainly by civilians, with some isolated military action by junior officers, was against the occupation of the city by French troops, and was violently repressed by the French Imperial forces, with hundreds of public executions. -
Abdications of Bayonne
The Abdications of Bayonne took place on 7 May 1808 in the castle of Marracq in Bayonne when the French emperor Napoleon I forced two Spanish kings—Charles IV and his son, Ferdinand VII—to renounce the throne in his favour. -
First Trade Unions
Is an organisation of workers intent on maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. -
Independence of Colombia
As with other nations in America, this country achieved its emancipation from the Spanish yoke in 1810. -
Establishment of the Continental Blockade
It was a blockade made by French against the Great Britain. -
Convocation of the Courts of Cadiz
Courts of Cadiz were called for different reasons. -
Aproval of "La Pepa"
The first Spanish Constitution was created in Cádiz. -
Treaty of Valençay
The agreement provided for the restoration of Ferdinand VII as King of Spain, who had been imprisoned in France, in the Château de Valençay, since his abdication in 1808. -
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Absolutist Sexenio
The king recuperated the political power through a military coup. -
Treaty of Fountainebleau
It was a treaty signed by France, Russia, Prussia and Austria during the napoleonic wars. -
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Congress of Vienna
It was a meeting of the main representatives of the European powers. -
Battle of Waterloo
In this battle, Napoleon was finally defeated. -
Creation of the Holy Alliance
It was an alliance set up by Russia, Prussia and Austria. -
Independence of Argentina
Integrants of the Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata, declared independence of Argentina on Spain. -
Independence of Chile
This process is reflected in the Act of Installation of the First National Government Board in Santiago, on September 18, 1810, and in the Proclamation of the Independence of Chile, on February 12, 1818. -
First Liberal Revolutionary Wave
In this revolutionary wave, liberals aimed to establish a constitutional monarchy. -
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Trienio Liberal
Is the period that constitutes the intermediate part of the 3 events during Fernando VII reign´s. -
Independence of Peru
But it was only on Saturday, July 28, 1821, in a public ceremony, when General San Martín proclaimed the independence of Peru in the Plaza Mayor of Lima. -
Independence of Mexico
On September 27, 1821, the Independence of Mexico culminated, after an eleven-year war that was a great popular revolution to free itself from Spanish rule. -
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Ominous Decade
Began with a severe purge of liberals, but in its later stages the regime became increasingly unacceptable to extreme conservatives, who looked to the king's reactionary brother, Don Carlos -
First Commercial Train
Locomotion No. 1 became the world's first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public line. -
Second Liberal Revolutionary Wave
Belgium gained independence from the Netherlands to which it had been united by the congress of Vienna. -
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First Carlist War
Was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840, the first of three Carlist Wars. It was fought between two factions over the succession to the throne and the nature of the Spanish monarchy -
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Effective reign of Elizabeth II
Is the period between Fernando VII death and the revolution triumph. -
Expropriation of Mendizábal
Were a set of decrees that resulted in the expropriation and privatisation of monastic properties in Spain from 1835 to 1837. -
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Chartist Movement
This was a working class movement which emerged in London, they wanted to gain political rights. -
Period: to
Regency of Espartero
It was the last period of Isabel II´s minority age. -
Third Liberal Revolutionary Wave
Demanded liberal reforms, establishment of the universal manhood suffrage. -
Drafting the Communist Manifesto
Is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London. -
Luddites
Were members of a 19th-century movement of English textile workers which opposed the use of certain types of cost-saving machinery -
Expropriation of Madoz
It included the lands and censuses of the state; of the clergy; of the military orders of Santiago, Alcántara, Montesa and St. John of Jerusalem; of confraternities, sanctuaries and shrines; of a former infante, Don Carlos; and of the mortmains. -
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Italy reunification
King Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour unificated Italy and stabilished a constitutional monarchy. -
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German Reunification
Bismarck began German´s reunification and stabilished the Second Reich or Wilhelm I as its Kaiser. -
Period: to
First International
Was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. -
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Provisional Reign of Serrano
Was a provisional government formed in Spain between the overthrow of Queen Isabella II of Spain on 30 September 1868 after the Glorious Revolution, and the inauguration of the new King Amadeo I of Spain before the Cortes on 2 January 1871. -
Constitution of 1869
The resulting text, the Constitution of 1869, reflected the progressive and democratic set of ideals -
Period: to
Second Industrial Revolution
In this industrial revolution, rapid advances in the creation of steel chemicals and electricity helped fuel production. -
Period: to
First Republic
It was the political regime in force in Spain from its proclamation by the Cortes on February 11, 1873, until December 29, 1874 when the pronouncement of General Martínez Campos gave rise to the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. -
Foundation of PSOE
The PSOE was founded by Pablo Iglesias on 2 May 1879 in the Casa Labra tavern in Tetuán Street near the Puerta del Sol at the centre of Madrid. Iglesias was a typesetter who had become in contact in the past with the Spanish section of the International Workingmen's Association and with Paul Lafargue. -
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Regency of Maria Cristina
It was the period in which due to the minority of age of Maria Cristina´s son she had to govern. -
Period: to
Second International
Was an organisation of socialist and labour parties, formed on 14 July 1889 at two simultaneous Paris meetings in which delegations from twenty countries participated. -
Foundation of the CNT
The National Confederation of Labor is a confederation of unions with anarchist ideology, specifically the anarcho-syndicalist branch of Spain.