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Period: Jan 1, 632 to Dec 31, 632
Death of Mohammed
After the death of Mohammed, his father-in-law, Abu Bakr became the caliph of the Islamid empire -
Period: Jan 1, 632 to Dec 31, 661
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
The first four Caliphs were known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Three of the four were murdered -
Dec 31, 642
Armies captured Cairo and took control of Egypt
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Period: Sep 4, 661 to Sep 4, 750
The Caliphate of the Umayyads
The Umayyads made Islam even bigger. Islamic culture was found in all the places they conquered. Under Caliph Mu'awiya, Damascus became the capital in 661.
From 690, Arabic was the official language of the government.The first great mosque, The Dome of Rocks, was built in the 690s -
Dec 31, 670
Arabs had occupied Tunisia
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Dec 31, 676
Armies reached Samarkland
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Dec 31, 707
Armies reached the borders of India
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Period: Jan 1, 750 to Dec 31, 1055
The Caliphate of the Abbasids
After a civil war, the Abbasids came to power. Abu'l Abbas became the first Abbasid Caliph.Arabic language became the offical language across the Islamic empire. Iraq was made capital. In 763, Bagdad was founded as the new capital. Science of Astronomy was brought to Bagdad in 771. Stories such as the Arabian Nights began to be told in about 786 -
Dec 31, 751
Arab armies defeat the Chinese in the Battle of Talas and secure Central Asia
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Period: Jan 1, 1055 to Dec 31, 1258
The Caliphate of the Seldjuks
Waves of invasions from Turkish tribes changed the Islamic Empire. in 1091, the Seldjuks made Bagdad their capital city. In 1096, Pope Urban began the first Crusade. By 1118, the Seldjuk empire had been broken into small states. -
Cyprus was captured
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Arab armies had reached the Atlantic Ocean