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Samuel Champlain Arrived in North America
Samuel Champlain arrived in the meadows where Stadacona and Hochelaga once stood. -
Development of Quebec
After his first voyage, he returned five years later with twenty-eight men. He ended up at a place called Quebec, meaning "the place where the river narrows". He built a handful of buildings and called it the Habitation of Quebec. He had a small outpost there where fur trade occurred. -
Interaction with Huron Peoples (July)
Samuel Champlain went on his longest voyage to meet the Huron people. Champlain noticed that these people were different than the First Nations he knew. The Huron people had tilled fields with a permanent town. He used these people as warriors because they had a strong warlike background. They remained allies to help benefit one another. -
Small Habitation Earning Name of New France
Champlain wanted a place worthy of calling New France. A place where he could accumulate wealth and honour he could bring back to his master, the King of France. Many people started coming over including labourers, artisans, and farmers. They began growing vegetables and supporting themselves within the community. -
Champlain's Death
Champlain died in 1635 and at that given time only a few hundred people were living in New France -
Huron Nation in Trouble
The Huron nation began getting wiped out due to the raging war with the Iroquois and smallpox and fevers many people were falling ill too because of the missionaries bringing them over. -
Iroquois Invade Huron Country
The Iroquois people invaded the Huron country wrecking everything the Huron people had made for themselves. The Huron nation was completely destroyed. Very few people escaped and the rest were held as prisoners in the Iroquois nation. -
Iroquois Attack New France
The French were close allies with the Huron nation when they were fighting against the Iroquois so the Iroquois now wanted to show the colonists who belonged on the Canadian soil. They stopped allowing furs to go down to Quebec. They then laid siege to Montreal and raided Quebec. -
Louis XIV Takes Control
He did not want to let New France collapse. He sent a powerful governor-general and soldiers to fight the Iroquois. Now that the French became stronger the Iroquois decided to make peace with them. Following this, the nation was pretty consistent with being strong and reliable for one another. They maintained a good governer system and continued to prosper until their demise. -
Defeat at Louisbourg
The French surrendered to the British following the attack by Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe. The British cut French supply lines to Canada leaving them without supplies. -
Famine Filled Winter
With the shipping routes being blocked the French had very little food and suffered from famine and misery. They were forced to slaughter their horses and ration bread in Quebec. Alongside this, there was smallpox and typhus breaking out. -
French Receive Compromised Military
Montcalm of France hoped to receive 4000 soldiers but instead got 400. 30 had already abandoned the ship before they got there, 40 arrived very ill and the rest were very loud and rowdy people. -
General Wolfe Given a New Mission (June)
In June James Wolfe was seen as a hero in Britain receiving the name major general. He was asked to return back to New France to attack Quebec this time. Quebec was the centre of trade, government and military for New France. -
Siege of Quebec (July)
General Wolfe landed around 3000 soldiers at Pointe-Lévis. They then bombarded the city with cannon fire, destroying it. This lasted for the duration of the summer. -
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
The British assembled in a field that once belonged to Abraham Martin. Once Montcalm heard news of this he marched over and the battle began. The battle itself was only 15 minutes long but it ended French control of North America. Both Wolfe and Montcalm were wounded and killed in this battle. -
British Flag Raised in Canada
For the first time, the British flag was raised in Canada on top of Mountain Street in Quebec. -
French Arrange Conditions with British
Following the loss at the Plains of Abraham Marquis de Vaudreuil arranged conditions with the British for the French surrenders that remained living there. The three conditions were as followed: right to speak French, right to keep their land, and right to practice the Catholic faith. This was finally completed on September 8, 1760. -
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French Returning Home
The French under the new conditions had to disband the Canadian militia, allowing them to return home. The Seigneurs also returned home along with the French soldiers except the 500 that married Canadian wives. -
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Treaty of Paris 1763
In 1761 the British and French met in Paris to try and negotiate a peace treaty. Britain was represented by William Pitt while the Duke of Choiseul represented France. This treaty negotiation dragged on for two years. The offer from Britain to France was to keep Canada or the tiny, sugar-rich island of Guadeloupe in the Caribbean. France ended up choosing Guadeloupe. The treaty was finally signed in 1763. -
The Royal Proclamation
After seeing the resilience of the First Nations to the British following all that happened with the French and the First Nations and French having a close relationship there needed to be something established. Britain then decided to issue the Royal Proclamation of 1763. This drew a line between the British colonies and the First Nations land. This was important because it leads to the treaties between First Nations and colonists and ultimately the assimilation that starts occurring.
