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Period: to
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
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1798, first federal law past concerning the care of persons with disabilities.https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12005792/b87825d9-ac66-4169-ab5c-5c79fa60e669_1__tiny_landscape.jpg?1525711434
In 1798, the Fifth Congress passed the first federal law concerned with the care of persons with disabilities (Braddock, 1987). This law authorized a Marine Hospital Service to provide medical services to sick and disabled seamen. -
Rhode Island opened the first public special education class in the U.S. in 1896.https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12005917/rhode-island_1__tiny_landscape.jpg?1525712000
One positive event of this era was the beginning of special education. As teachers in public schools became aware of the increasing numbers of students with learning disabilities, they called for special classes and teachers to educate them. Rhode Island opened the first public special education class in the U.S. in 1896. By 1923, almost 34,000 students were in special education classes. -
A popular textbook from the 1930’s stated that control and confinement of people with disabilities was necessary to protect society. https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12009073/01-stanley-webb-davies-family-friends-furniture
A popular textbook for educators by Stanley P. Davies advocates strict control and confinement of persons with disabilities to protect society. -
The concept of “normalization,” or mainstreaming, takes root in Denmark in the 1950’s. https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12009116/imagesG3R4ZE9Y_tiny_landscape.jpg?1525732854
The concept of "normalization" originated in Denmark in the late 1950s. It meant quite simply allowing persons who lived in institutions to enjoy a normal rhythm of the day. Combined with the continuing stories of abuse and neglect in institutions, the normalization principle helped to convince people that individuals with disabilities belong in the community. -
1962 Here John F. Kennedy approves the formation of the President’s Panel on Mental Retardation.https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12006142/John_F._Kennedy_Signs_the_Community_Mental_Health_Act_-_ST-C376-2-63_1__tiny_landscap
In 1962, President Kennedy formed the President's Panel on Mental Retardation.
Because of the success of parent advocacy, many states poured money into building new and larger state institutions to meet the increasing demand for services. https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/JFK-and-People-with-Intellectual-Disabilities.aspx -
1968: Special Olympics first take place in Chicago.https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12006324/s-l640_1__tiny_landscape.jpg?1525713433
Special Olympics is an international organization created to help people with intellectual disabilities develop self-confidence, social skills and a sense of personal accomplishment. Among their other activities, Special Olympics conducts the Special Olympics World Games every two years, alternating between Summer and Winter Games. There are also local, national and regional competitons in over 150 countries worldwide. -
1971: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniahttps://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12009483/3_1__tiny_landscape.jpg?1525735703
All persons considered to be mentally retarded could benefit from education and training
…schools should provide free, public programs to educate and train that are “appropriate to the child's capacity.” -
1972 Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia (1972) https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12009135/history-of-special-education-april-wellswk1-11-638_1__tiny_landscape.jpg?1525732935
Children who had disabilities were not to be denied admission, suspended, expelled, reassigned or transferred from regular public school classes without due process of law. -
Here Judy Huemann speaks with reporters about the newly authorized Rehabilitation Act in 1973. https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12009374/08ae38c3364f513936da5f74cb4e06ec_1__tiny_landscape.jpg?1525734875
Activist Judy Heumann speaks out with passion at a hearing during the battle over Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. One of the most important pieces of legislation during the 1970s was the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. -
In 1975, Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA), Public Law (P.L.) 94-142 was passed. https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12009459/th_1__tiny_landscape.jpg?1525735516
This law became known as the “Bill of Rights” for students identified with disabilities and their families. PL 94-142 required states that received federal funds to provide to their students with disabilities… https://cielo24.com/2015/08/the-individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-or-idea/ -
1990 Amendments to PL 94-142 changed name to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12009588/1990-_Individuals_With_Disabilities_Education_Act_%28IDEA%29__1__tiny_landscape.jpg?
Required students have a transition plan by the age of 16 years with activities and interagency linkages for living arrangements, vocational training, and/or additional education. -
The 1997 Amendment to “Individuals with Disabilities Education Act” (IDEA) added ten changes to the previous law https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12009518/IDEA_P.L._94__142_%E2%80%93_%281975%29_Education_for_all_Handica
Schools allowed to discipline students with disabilities in similar ways as students without disabilities if the misbehavior was not a manifestation of the students’ disabilities -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/12009688/resource-notebook-3-728_1__tiny_landscape.jpg?1525737346
6 Principles of IDEA
1. Zero reject/No exclusion
2. Protection in evaluation
3. Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
4. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
5. Procedural Safeguards
6. Parental Participation
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._President_George_W._Bush_signs_No_Child_Left_Behind_education_bill_at_Hamilton_High_School_in_Hamilton,_Ohio_(January_8,_2002).webm
