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Rodrigues Periere
Individual who worked with people who were deaf, as well as nonverbal. He believed that these individuals could be taught; from which which he developed a simple sign language system for these individuals to communicate. -
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Phillipe Pinel
Phillipe Pinel was a psychiatrist who began the movement toward the more humane treatment of individuals who were declared insane. -
Jacques Marc Gaspard Itard
Jacques Marc Gaspard Itard was a French physician who is known best for his work with Victor, the wild boy of Aveyron. The work with Victor was the first formal attempt to educate an individual who was thought to have an intellectual disability. -
Edouard Seguin
Edouard Seguin and five other men formed the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons. This organization is currently the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. -
Farm Colonies
Farm colonies were housing for individuals with intellectual disabilities; in which the residents were self-sufficient-growing their own food, raising animals for food, etc. Fundamental for the movement towards institutionalizing individuals with intellectual disabilites. -
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The Great Lull
The time period where the knowledge of intellectual disabilities was not advanced and the use of institutions was at an all time high. -
Virginia's Eugenical Sterilization Act
Law which promoted eugenics to improve through the use of sterilization on individuals who were deemed to have negative eugenics. -
Buck V. Bell
Carrie Buck was the first person to be sterilized under the Virginia Eugenical Sterilization Act. Carrie Buck was committed to the Virginia Colony, by her adoptive parents, after giving birth to an illegitimate child. It was come to know that Carrie's birth mother, Emma Buck, had previously been committed. -
Brown V Board of Education
Landmark civil rights decision which dismantled segregated schools in the United States. This brought forth the movement to discourage students with disabilities to be segregated from their classmates who do not have disabilities. -
Special Olympics
Founded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver to encourage individuals with disabilities to participate in physical activity and participating in sports activities. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)
This landmark legislation provided resources to ensure students with disabilities had equal access to quality education. -
Head Start
Program launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson to provide services to children in preschool, ages three to five, to prepare for success in school. The program aims to provide help for children in low income families as well as those with disabilities. -
PARC
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was a class action lawsuit revolved around the lack of educational services for students with disabilities. From this lawsuit brought forth an agreement that educational placement for these students must include a formal process of parental participation with a mutual decision. -
Mills v. BOE
Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia was a lawsuit against the BOE of the District of Columbia for suspending, expelling, and excluding children with disabilities from their public schools. The BOE claims these events happened due to high cost of educating these students. However, ruling stated that students with disabilities must be given a public education, and that financial limits were irrelevant as long as they provided the appropriate education. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973
This Act was enacted to correct the issue of discrimination against individuals with disabilities in the United States. Several affirmative action programs were developed, such as Title V, Sections 501,502,503, and 504. -
Public Law 94-142
Also known as the 'The Educational for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975'. This law ensured that children with disabilities had access to an education as well as due process of the law. In addition, the students wouldbe monitored by use of legal checks and balances, which would be used to protect the rights of the children and their parents. -
Abrahamson v Herschman
Lawsuit in which the school districts were found to be responsible for funding for residential placement, if the services fall within the means of a free & appropriate education for the student. -
Public Law 98-199
Amendment to the Education of the Handicapped Act which focused upon from school to work transition for individuals with disabilities. -
Public Law 99-457
Under this amendment to the Education for the Handicapped Act, services for preschoolers with special needs were created and implemented across the country. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Civil rights law which provided protection to individuals with disabilities. It offers similar protection against discrimination as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 did to factors such as race, gender, and religion. In addition, ADA required employers to provide accommodations to employees with disabilities. -
IDEA 1997
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, is a four part legislation which ensures students with disabilities are provided a Free & Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that is created for their individual needs. Previously known as Education for all Handicapped Children Act -
NCLB 2001
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was created to ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to acquire a high-quality education. This act supported standard-based education reform, supporting the premise that setting high standards and measurable goals would improve individual outcomes. -
IDEA 2004
The reauthorization of IDEA in 2004 mandated accountability and excellence in education for individuals with disabilities. Within this amendment, schools were required to use research-based interventions through the process of assisting students with disabilities. In all, the reauthorization brings forth more support for students with disabilities, in classroom, IEP, Due Process, and discipline.