the history of educational technology

By yalcinyaren
  • 100,000 BCE

    Oral Communication

    Oral Communication
    From the earliest times of humanity, people have tried to come to terms with the sounds and facial expressions they make. Thus, the initial state of learning and teaching became oral communication. In ancient times, people were using stories, poems, folklore etc. to transmit information. For example, the ancient Greeks conveyed learning by oratory and speech. Oral communication continues stronger than ever in education today but has been incorporated into new technologies.
  • 3200 BCE

    Written Communication

    Written Communication
    Written forms of communication are more secure than oral communications in terms of accuracy and storage of information, although they are subject to change. According to the Bible, Moses probably used hewn stone to convey ten commandments around the 7th century BC. However, The cuneiform script is considered the first writing system which can be traced to its earliest prehistoric origin.

  • Broadcasting and video

    Broadcasting and video
    In the 1920s BBC began broadcasting educational radio programs. Additionally, television started to be used as an educational tool in the 1960s in schools. Also, in the 1970s, the British government opened the Open University (OU) with BBC using a combination of printed materials, television, and radio programs. As new technologies were invented -such as cassettes, audios, and videos- live broadcasting and the radio became obsolete.

  • Computer technologies

    Computer technologies
    Computer-aided instruction gained widespread acceptance in schools by the early 1980s. Additionally, in the 1990s, the Internet became popular in education because this technology allowed students to watch lectures any time and place. But before the late 1970s, Turoff and Hiltz (1978) were using mixed learning. They were using traditional teaching along with online which is called ‘computer-mediated communication’. Also, the first fully online courses (for credit) started appearing in 1995.

  • Social Media

    Social Media
    In 1997, the first social media platform was launched. However, social media are generally seen as a sub-category of computed based teaching; however, Tony Bates categorizes social media as a new category in his book because the development of social media deserves a section of its own. Social media includes blogs, YouTube videos, songs etc. However, Kaplan and Haenlein (2010) explain social media as an Internet-based group that allows people to create, share or exchange knowledge and ideas.

  • Paradigm Shift

    Paradigm Shift
    A paradigm shift means the usage of old knowledge or resources in harmony with new ones. For example, using written texts along with smart boards. However, the development of technology is what individuates the digital age from all previous ages.

  • References

    References
    Hiltz, R. and Turoff, M. (1978) The Network Nation: Human Communication via Computer Reading MA: Addison-Wesley
    Kaplan, A. and Haenlein, M. (2010), Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media, Business Horizons, Vol.53, pp. 59-68
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