The Evolution of the Muslim Empire

Orthodox Caliphs

Period: 632 to 661

First caliphs:Family of Muhamad
They controlled:
-Arabian Peninsula
-They defeated the Byzantine Empire
-Conquered Syria,Palestine and Egypt.
-They subdued Neo-Persian Empire and conquered Mesopotamia and Persia.

Expansion

661

Umayyad Caliphs

Period: 661 to 750

Position of caliph passed Umayyad dynasty.
The capital city was Damascus.
Their expansion was:
-India in the east.
-Smarkand in the north.
-Iberian peninsula in the west. They failed the conquer Constantinople.

Abbasid Caliphate

Period: 750 to 1258

The position of caliph passed to the Abassid dynasty.
The capital city was Baghad.
They introduced more central government.
After that it went to decline.

Abbasid caliphate

1258