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Friedrich Miescher
Friedrich Miescher had researched the composition of lymphoid cells which are white blood cells. He experimented and isolated a new molecule which was called nuclein. He determined nuclein was made up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. He continued to work on the nuclein for the rest of his carrer. -
Linus Pauling
Linus Pauling was the man that attempted an experiment on the orientation of iron atoms by a magnetic field. He also began an experiment on the structures of some crystals. On top of that, he also started the work on the nature of a chemical bond. -
Frederick Griffith
Frederick Griffith was the man who showed that information could be transferred between different strands of DNA. He tested all his experiments mostly on mice. The mice that he had injected with III-s had died and was too poisonous for them. The other set of mice that were injected with II-s lived because it was not too poisonous for them but it did cause them to have odd symptoms though -
Barbara McClintock
Barbara McClintock studied corn's hereditary characters. These characteristics included their different colors and how characteristics were passed down through the different generations and how they linked to the changes in plants chromosomes. After a lot of researched, she concluded that genetic elements can change position on a chromosome. Also, this can cause a chromosome to become active or inactive. -
Erwin Chargaff
Erwin Chargaff had wanted to understand the composition of DNA. In 1950 he experimented and found out important facts that led to the structure of DNA. He also demonstrated three rules that were called the Chargaff rule. Also, he discovered some facts to learn the structure of the DNA. Chargaff also showed the pairings of (G+C) and (A+T) varies between different organisms. He would study nucleic acids like DNA by using the technique called the chromatographic techniques. -
Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, Colin McCleod
Oswald had a conclusion by himself helped add to what everyone concluded. He, by himself, showed that that the nucleic acid, DNA was the chemical basis for specified and apparently heritable transformations in bacteria. This helped to make up a whole team conclusion. They tried to purify bacteria. They did this with twenty gallons of gasoline. They called this the "transforming factor." They also took note that it did not seem to be a protein or a carbohydrate but also a nucleic acid -
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Together, they came up with the conclusion that DNA is the genetic material. They learned that phage could recombine when it was co-infected with a bacterial host. They are both known for the Hershey- Chase experiment. This experiment which showed DNA is a principal component entering the host cell during infection -
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
Rosalind Franklin did some fundamental investigations on the properties of graphite and coal. She helped to upgrade the x-ray crystallographic lab there for she worked with DNA. Maurice Wilkins had studied DNA by the x-ray crystallographic techniques. These were the techniques that the other scientist, Rosalind Franklin made. -
James Watson and Frances Crick
These two scientists, James Watson, and Frances Crick worked together to figure out that DNA was made of a double helix. In addition, they also learned about DNA containing human genes. They read and were interested in Linus Pauling's incorrect model to base their research off of. According to them, DNA replicates itself into two separate strands. -
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
Both Matthew and Franklin observed the same thing. Together they configured a DNA model with two helical strands. This model ended up being very successful and correct. -
Paul Berg
Paul Berg was the man that investigated genetics and microbes. Berg learned the techniques of some animal structures. He had pondered if it was actually possible to insert foreign genes into a virus which would then try to create new molecules. He used the virus from monkeys and called it Lamda, which he then made it into DNA. -
Frederick Sanger
Frederick Sanger investigated ways to sequence RNA. This was because it was smaller and led to techniques that worked for DNA. These techniques led to the dideoxy method. This method is commonly used in sequencing reactions today. -
Kary Mullis
Kary Mullis did research on the synthesis of oligonucleotides. She also invented the polymerase chain reaction. This was a technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences from the small amounts of genetic material. -
J. Craig Venter
J. Craig Venter was apart of the Human Genome project. After he moved to San Diego he began to study genes that were involved in signal transmission between neurons. He knew that gene identification took awhile so he came up with an alternative method. It used an expressed sequence tags (EST).