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711
The Emergence of Islam
Muslim Spain was not a single period, but a succession of different rules.
The Dependent Emirate (711-756)
The Independent Emirate (756-929)
The Caliphate (929-1031)
The Almoravid Era (1031-1130)
Decline (1130-1492) -
711
The Dependent Emirate (711-756)
Arabs cross the Straight of Gibraltar and establish control over much of the Iberian Peninsula. They called this area "Al-Andalus" -
720
Muslims Conquer
Muslims conquered most of Spain and Portugal. By 720 Spain was largely under Muslim control. The heartland of Muslim rule was Southern Spain or Andulusia. -
756
The Independent Emirate (756-929)
Amir Abd al-Rahman was the man who founded the Emirate of Cordoba. He was credited for gathering Muslims to rule the conquered land. He united the separate Muslim kingdoms, creating stability and a climate of religious and ethnic tolerance of Jews and Christians. -
785
Mosque of Cordoba breaks ground
The building of the Great Mosque of Cordoba begins. -
788
Death of Abd ar-Rahaman
Hisham I succeeds Abd ar-Rahman after his death. -
929
The Caliphate (929-1031)
The Caliphate also known as The "Golden Age" of al-Andalus, this period marked leading agricultural, scientific, and philosophical advancements in Muslim culture -
976
Al-Mansur takes command
Al-Mansur becomes 3rd Caliph. His leadership was more military dictator style. His leadership creates problems against Christians. These attacks against them cause Christians to raid into Muslim territory. -
981
Manṣūr reign continues
Manṣūr gave African territories local independence under Umayyad suzerainty, keeping the caliphate’s influence. He introduced military reforms that created a more proficient army and began the recruitment of a new cadre of skilled Berber troops -
1002
Manṣūr’s family reign ends
Manṣūr’s eldest son, ʿAbd al-Malik al-Muẓaffar, reigned after his father's death in 1002, until his death in 1008. His younger brother, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Sanchuelo lost control of the Berber generals and angered the Arab aristocracy by having himself proclaimed successor to the caliph. -
1009
Revolution of Cordoba
The revolution in Cordóba led to the fall of Hishām II and murder of Sanchuelo. No Umayyad could control the Berbers. Berbers would demand land in Al-Andalus. The revolution brought about 20 years of unrest through out the land -
1031
The fall of the Caliphate
Caliphate falls and The Golden Age reign is over -
1031
The Almoravid Era (1031-1130)
Almoravid was not tolerant of Jews or Christians and made many stipulations to their acceptance in Muslim land. -
1085
Toledo Falls
The first big Islamic centre to fall to Christianity was Toledo in 1085. -
1086
Battle won
Yusuf ibn Tashfin defeat the Christians at the Battle of az-Zallaqah -
1102
Chrisainty fights back
By 1102 Christianity had fought back and had regained almost all of the peninsula. -
1130
The Decline of Islamic Spain (1130-1492)
Separation among Muslims gave Christians a chance to rebel against Muslims and win back their land. -
1492
The end of Islamic Spain rule
Muslims finally lost all power in Spain to Christians in 1492.
