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Jan 1, 1497
John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto)
discovered Newfoundland for British. Abundant supply of fish!
Ch.3 -
Walter Raleigh (British)
Attempted to build colonies in 1585 and 1587 but FAILED.
Ch.3 -
Demand for fur is growing in the 1600s
(Ch.2) -
Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain
Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain sailed to North America to set up a colony
(Ch.2) -
Etienne Brule
Etienne Brule, a French colonist, went to live with the Wendat and learned their way of life (Ch.2) -
Pierre Radisson and Sier des Groseillier
These men were coureurs de bois who went on trading expeditions where no other Europeans had gone before. In 1670 The First Nations people welcomed them. They traveled to the Hudson Bay which was rich in furs
(Ch.2) -
Sovereign Council
King Louis XIV took control of colony from merchants and set up Sovereign Council
(Ch. 2) -
Filles du Roi (1665-1673)
King send 900 single women to New France to become wives
(Ch. 2) -
HBC Monopoly in Rupert's Land
-King Charles II of England granted a monopoly to the Hudson's Bay Company
-the monopoly covered all the lands drained by the rivers that flow into the Hudson Bay. They called this area "Rupert's Land"
Ch. 3 -
Fur Trade Competition
-French were not happy about British trapping and trading in Rupert's Land
-they attacked and captured the British Forts
CH. 3 -
Henry Kelsey
-British who worked for HBC
-left his trading post to journey with Cree
-His goal was to meet Aboriginal peoples and convince them to become trading partners with the British.
-Kelsey travelled on foot and by canoe
-Kelsey’s relationship with the Cree helped Kelsey gain greater access to furs.
-Kelsey travelled as far west as Saskatchewan. Through his contact with First Nations, he increased the flow of furs from the interior to the Hudson Bay posts. -
Treaty of Utrecht
-peace agreement between French and British
-French had to give up Acadia to British
-British re-named it Nova Scotia
-Acadians still lived there -the HBC Forts that the French had captured in 1686 were also returned to the British
Ch.3 -
Anthony Henday
-Worked for the Hudson’s Bay Company
-With the help of a group of Cree guides, he made contact with a Siksika camp. His goal was to convince them to come to the Hudson’s Bay Trading Posts to trade fur.
-The Siksika people were based on equality among people. Henday suggested they start trading for profit.
-The Siksika refused his offer.
Ch. 3 -
Mi'kmaq Enlist help of French
-Mi'kmaq (with their French allies) declared war against British in Nova Scotia
-relations between Mi'kmaq+French against the British were hostile
-British colonists were afraid to build farms outside of Halifax because of the Acadians that occupied the land -
First Election
The first election in North America took place in Halifax
Ch. 3 -
Samuel Hearne
-In 1770, Hearne left from the Hudson’s Bay in search of gold and copper, he travelled North.
-Hearne did not find any riches, but he was the first European to reach the shores of the Arctic Ocean and he learned from the Dene how to travel and live off the land.
Ch. 3 -
The Northwest Passage
-During this time, explorers were convinced that there was a river that would take them all the way across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. This passage would be a passage to Asia.
-James Cook and George Vancouver attemped searching for it, they ended up sailing around Vancouver.
-Eventually the North West Passage was discovered, but because it is too far North, it is unsafe to travel by boat.
Ch. 3 pg. 71