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Born in Mecca, dissatisfied with the way he was living his life, decided to create his own religion and, way of life. Ummayads found him threatening. They threatened his life, so he decided to move to Medina. There he gained followers, and a new way a life. Sudden death in 632.
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The Quran was being revealed, Muhammad made plans to ensure that it was written down. Muhammad himself could neither read nor write, he dictated the verses orally and instructed scribes to mark down the revelation on whatever materials were available: tree branches, stones, leather, and bones.
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A major split in Islam is that between the majority Sunnis and the minority Shi'ites. The split goes back to events in the 7th century: After Mohammed's death in 632, leadership of the Islamic community passed to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, one of Mohammed's closest companions.
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known as the Arab conquest of Iran led to the end of the Sasanian Empire in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran.
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Often called "Rashidun" in the city of Sunnies Islam to refer to the first 4 caliphs after the death of Muhammad. Rashiduns include: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali.
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second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
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the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, from whom the dynasty takes its name.
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ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs from all but the Al Andalus region.
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the conquest of the city of Jerusalem in the First Crusade. Jerusalem became the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Christian city after 450 years of Islam. It was a turbulent period in the history of the city, with several transitions between Christian and Muslim dominion.
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a Turkic general of Central Asian birth, was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule India's Delhi Sultanate
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Mongols were under the command of Hulagu Khan, brother of the khagan Möngke Khan, who had intended to further extend his rule into Mesopotamia but not to directly overthrow the Caliphate. Möngke, however, had instructed Hulagu to attack Baghdad if the Caliph Al-Musta'sim refused Mongol demands for his continued submission to the khagan and the payment of tribute in the form of military support for Mongol forces in Iran.
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the medieval African ruler most known to the world outside Africa. His elaborate pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Mecca in 1324 introduced him to rulers in the Middle East and in Europe. His leadership of Mali, a state which stretched across two thousand miles from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Chad and which included all or parts of the modern nations of Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Chad, ensured decades of peace and prosperity in Western Afri
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capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Army, under the command Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II on 29th May 1453. With this conquest Ottomans became an Empire and one of the most powerful empires, The Eastern Roman Empire fell and lasted.
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the most successful conquest of European Middle Ages expansion. Christian European forces eventually took the whole peninsula.
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ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. It consolidated Islam in South Asia, and spread Muslim (and particularly Persian) arts and culture as well as the faith. The Mughals were Muslims who ruled a country with a large Hindu majority.
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The Umayyad conquest of Hispania was the initial expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate over Hispania, largely extending from 711 to 788.
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a mystic and ascetic movement which originated in the Golden Age of Islam, from about the 9th to 10th centuries.[citation needed]
