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Period: Aug 29, 1500 to
Population and Settlement
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Sep 4, 1500
Iroquois and Algonquins
Iroquois: farmers, great fighters, live in the south, long houses, semi-sedentary Algonquins: Canadian Shield & Appalachian Mountains (north), nomadic, tipis, hunters & gatherers- No sense of private land ownership *
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Aug 29, 1534
Jacques Cartier's 1st Voyage
Explored & mapped Gulf of Saint-Lawrence.
Reported what he thought was gold, but was fish, timber & furs. -
Aug 29, 1535
Jacques Cartier's 2nd Voyage
Sailed up St-Lawrence, reached Stadacona (Quebec).
Some natives showed Europeans how to survive winter & scurvy.
They return w/ native captives (incl. Chief Donacona). -
Aug 29, 1541
Jacques Cartier's 3rd Voyage
Attempted to set up colony (didn't work).
Missionaries attempted to convert natives.
France lost interest for 60 yrs. -
Port Royal
The king sent a voyage to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia.
Samuel de Champlain was a part of it.
It failed: position. -
Establishment of New France
Champlain returned (1608-09) to establish a trading post near Stadacona (Quebec), which was then named New France. -
Period: to
French Regime
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1st Confrontation
Iroquois are defeated by the French -
The Company of One Hundred Associates
King of France mandated the Company of One Hundred Associates to populate the colony. -
Trois-Rivieres
Champlain put Sieur de Laviolette in charge of finding 2nd settlement at the confluence of St. Maurice & St. Lawrence rivers. -
Ville-Marie
Paul Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, founded Ville-Marie close to Hochelaga (Iroquois village). Purpose: evangelize the Amerindians. It soon became a major trading post. -
The First Intendant
The First Intendant was Jean Talon. His job was to populate New France.
Immigrants (3 main groups): engages, soldiers and the Filles du Roy.
He also implemented a policy to increase the birth rate (ex: fathers were fined if they had single 16 yr old daughters & single 21 yr old sons [or older]). -
Census of the population (New France)
King of France mandated Jean Talon to take a census of the population to determine how many men could be recruited for the military. -
The Great Peace of Montreal
The war between the French and the Iroquois' Five Nations ended with the signing of it. -
Treaty (gave away territories)
France gave away the territories inhabited by the Maliseets & the Mi'kmaqs without mentioning their presence in the region. -
Period: to
British Regime
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Period: to
British Merchants Immigration
Arrival of british merchants in cities (not enough to change the composition of the population). -
The Treaty of Paris
France gave New France to the British, who then changed its name to Provine of Quebec. -
Period: to
Immigration of Loyalists & Americans
Their arrival impacted on the formation of the population & the settlement of the territory. -
Irish Immigration
The start of Irish immigration due to the Irish Potato Famine.
Scottish & English also, but mostly in cities.
Conditions during the passage were bad & disease spread.
Cholera epidemic. -
Abolishment of Slavery
Slavery is abolished in Canada -
Province of Canada
Following the rebellion of the Patriotes in 1837 & 1838, the government united Lower Canada & Upper Canada into one, the Province of Canada. French Canadians = minority -
Arrival to Grosse-Ile
Approximately 90 000, mostly Irish, landed on Grosse-Ile escaping the Potato Famine. -
BNA Act
British North American Act. Sharing federal-provincial powers with regard to immigration matters under the BNA act. -
Period: to
Contemporary Period
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National Policy
Immigrant recruitment to populate the Canadian & land grants & handing over of land to rail companies to settle the west.
