Political Crisis before the Mexican Independence

By Mildred G.P

  • Spain had been allied with France against the United Kingdom since the Second Treaty of San Lidefonso

  • Spain readied for an invasion in case of a Prussia victory, but Napoleon's rout of the Prussian army at the Battle

  • Period: to

    The Peninsular War

  • Period: to

    The Peninsular War Started when French and Spanish armies invades and occupied Portugal in 1807; and escalated in 1808.

  • Napoleon turned on Spain

    Napoleon turned on Spain, during the Peninsular War, forcing the abdication of the Spanish king and replacing him with Napoleon's brother Joseph.

  • French troops on Spanish soil was extremely unpopular in Spain, resulting in the Mutiny of Aranjuez and the abdication of Charles IV of Spain

  • Napoleon refused to help Charles and refused to recognize his son, Ferdinand VII, as the new king. Instead, he succeeded his brother, Joseph Bonaparte.

  • Napoleon was fully aware of the disastrous state of Spain's economy and administration and its political fragility, and felt it had little value as an ally

  • These "kingdoms" were defined as the viceroyalties

  • Creation of a "Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies"

  • Creation of local juntas to preserve the region's independence from the French

  • The dissolution of the Supreme Junta, because of the reverses suffered after the Battle of Ocaña

  • Creation of juntas in Spanish America

    The juntas claimed to carry out their actions in the name of the deposed king, Ferdinad VII

  • Father Hidalgo rang the town's church bells to call the people to mass

    Father Hidalgo was a criollo, remembered as the father of the movement that pushed Mexico towards independece. As the people assembled he gave, the "grito de Dolores"
    This speech started the conflict that eventually freed Mexico from Spain. Hidalgo gained further support for the rebellion by choosing the Virging of Cuadalupe as a sybolo for the cause.

  • Jose Morelos replaced Hidalgo as the leader of the revolution.

    Morelos was a mestizo, Morelos was a brilliant milytary.
    Because Morelos was a mestizo and brought the lower classes into the revolution , the peninsulares and criollos became afraid of mob violence.
    Soon the criollos and peninsulares had hunted down Morelos. They placed him in front of the firing squad and executed him.

  • Hidalgo's Death

  • The Spanish Constitution basis for independence in New Spainand Central America

    Elections were held, local goverments formed, and deputies sent to the Cortes

  • The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon

  • Agustin de Iturbide

    One of the people ordered to hunt down Morelos was Agustìn de Iturbide.
    He had fought against the rebels on the side of the Spanish king.
    Iturbide got removed from his command because he was a cruel leader.

  • Morelos' death

  • Iturbide began peace negotiations with Guerrero

    The simple terms that Iturbide proposed became the basis of the Plan of Igual: the independence of New Spain with Ferdinand VII or another Bourbon as emperos; the retention of the Catholic Church as the official state religion and the protection of its existing privileges; and the equality of all New Spaniards, whether inmigrants or native-born

  • Treaty of Córdoba, signed on August 24, kept all existing laws, including the 1812 Constitution.

  • Guerrero and Iturbide

    Iturbide met with Vicente Guerrero, the new leader of the rebellion and Iturbide's former enemy, and planned a coup d'etat.
    Together, Guerrero and Iturbide created the Plan of Iguala

  • Iturbide would thus be the one to lead Mexico to independence form Spain

  • Plan of Iguala

    1. Be equal treatment under the law for both peninsulares and criollos
    2. Catholicism would be the official religion of Mexico
    3. Mexico would be a moderate monarchy.
    The tree parts of the plan were known as unio, religion, and indepence. The tree Guarantees flag: Red represents the union, aka the blood; White represents the purity of Catholicism; Green represents the hope of independence.

  • Iturbide Takes Power

    Iturbide to elevate himself to the position of emperor of Mexico
    He made himself Generalismo de Tierra y mar and gave himself a large salary.
    Iturbide's regign would not last long as he created and inherited many problems that Mexico faced.
    In the end, Iturbide was not an emperor, but rather he was a caudillo was an appealing military leader.

  • Agustin de Iturbide

    The independence movement had left Mexico in a bit of chaos. First, the silver mining was destroyed.
    Capital were investing their money outside of Mexcio rather tha re-investing it into their own country Agriculture production had decreased causing food prices to rice. Iturbide was criticized for nepotism He awared noble titles to his family and even ma

  • When the Mexican Congress conferred the throne on Iturbide.

  • The End of Itubide's

    A man who became a major player in Mexican politicas for the next several decades, Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón.
    The plan de Veracruz, in wich Mexico was turned into a republic. Iturbide would eventually be arrested for treason and met his demise