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The Birth of Nelson Mandela
Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in Mvezo, South African to the parents of Gadla Mphakanyiswa and Noquaphi Nosekeni. His father, Gadla Mphakanyiswa, was the highly placed adviser of the Mvezo tribe, that died when Nelson was 12. Noquaphi Nosekeni, his mother, is little known in society and and not known for having a job/occupation, but she died in 1968. He didn't get his name Nelson until he started school; he had the name Rohilahla which meant "one who brings trouble upon himself". -
The Birth of Nelson Mandela 2
("Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=49edfd6e. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.) -
Harold Clayton Urey Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Harold Clayton Urey was born April 29, 1893 in Walkerton, Indiana. He went to the University of Montana for his Bachelor Degree in Science. He spent many years in research working on separating uranium isotopes and chemical problems of the earth's origins. He won many awards including a Nobel prize for his discovery of heavy hydrogen and its properties from the American Chemical Society. -
Harold Clayton Urey Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2
("Harold C. Urey." American Decades, edited by Judith S. Baughman, et al., Gale, 1998. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1602000369/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=572dc2ef. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.) -
National Gallery of Art established
The national gallery of art was first thought of by a man named Andrew W. Mellon who was an art collector for Pittsburgh. They he went to Washington to work as a secretary of the treasury. He, determined to put in a museum of art in Washington, sent the president a letter to donate pieces of art for a museum to be built in D.C. Unfortunately Mellon didn't live for the full construction of the art gallery, he still received an award in honor of his 126 painting and 26 sculptures he donated -
National Gallery of Art 2
when the National Gallery of Art was first publicly opened. (“National Gallery of Art.” About, www.nga.gov/about.html.) -
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World War II 2
including Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Italy, Greece, and even some of Northern Africa. The alliance between the USSR and Germany didn't stay very long because they invaded the Soviet Union; causing American and British soldiers to attack Germany and the Soviets invading Berlin to surrendered in May of 1945. At the same time the US and Japan were at war, Japanese soldiers launched attack to Pearl Harbor; then the US bombed Japan and then they surrendered. -
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World War II
The world was still unstable from the first world war that another war was bound to happen. World War II started in Europe in 1939 when the chancellor of Germany, Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland by "defensive action" and the unconvinced countries of, Britain and France, invaded Germany initiating World War II. Germany created an alliance between themselves and the USSR, so when they invaded other countries the USSR didn't come after them. Germany ended up invading many countries in Europe -
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World War II 3
(“Germans Invade Poland.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germans-invade-poland) -
Expelled from The University of Fort Hare
After Mandela was renounced of his inheritance of being the chief of his tribe; he decided to pursuit a college education of law. During his time at Fort Hare, his was expelled because of leading a student strike in 1940. He was unable to finish his degree. ("Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=49edfd6e. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.) -
Nelson joins the A.N.C. (African National Congress)
At the age of 24, Mandela joined the ANC, a group of individuals that wanted to establish social and political rights for the black people in South Africa. In these times, black citizens were of abundance in that part of Africa, so many were discriminated against. This led to an epidemic of coordinated strikes to defy the prejudice laws of the government started by the ANC. -
Nelson joins the A.N.C 2
("Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=49edfd6e. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.) -
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Second Marriage to Winnie Madikizela 2
("Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=49edfd6e. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.) -
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Second Marriage to Winnie Madikizela
Before Nelson was sentenced to life imprisonment, he married his second wife, Nomzamo Winnie Madikileza, a social worker and a dedicated activist trying to end racial problems like her husband. While her husband was in jail she was frequently harassed and intimidated by the police. Unfortunately when Nelson became president he filed for divorce from her. -
Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment
Nelson Mandela was trying to inspire the people of South Africa to end South African racial segregation and discrimination. Unfortunately do to his violent strikes with the ANC to achieve equal rights for South Africans, he was sentenced to jail for conspiracy to overthrow the government. He spent 27 years of his life doing hard labor, harvesting seaweed and quarrying limestone in Robben Island. -
Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment 2
("Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=49edfd6e. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.) -
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Persian Gulf War
The Persian Gulf War started when an Iraqi leader named Saddam Hussein attack Kuwait. There was lots of tensions between the neighboring countries of Iraq and Kuwait; so Hussein accused Kuwait of stealing oil supplies from their common border fields. Iraq failed to follow the orders of the United Nations, to back of Kuwait; the US led an air strike to attack Iraq. Eventually the UN stop firing and many people of Iraq had surrendered, fled, or died. -
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Persian Gulf War 2
(History.com Staff. “Persian Gulf War.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/persian-gulf-war.) -
Nelson earns a Nobel Peace Prize
Nelson Mandela earned a prize worth achieving for the whole world, a Nobel Peace Prize. This prize was awarded to him and a colleague for laying down new foundations for a democratic rule in South Africa. As well as a peaceful ending to racial segregation and discrimination. His colleague's name is Frederik Willem de Klerk. (“The Nobel Peace Prize 1993.” Nobelprize.org, www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/.) -
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Nelson Mandela -- President of South Africa
In 1993, South Africa had to conquer many obstacles in its path to freedom such as fair elections. Nelson Mandela decided to run for President represented by the ANC. He ended up winning the Republic of South Africa, and becoming the 1st black president of South Africa in 1994. He unfortunately retired after only one term. -
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Nelson Mandela -- President of South Africa 2
("Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=49edfd6e. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.) -
Death of Frank Sinatra
On December 12 of 1915, Francis Albert Sinatra was born in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was known for his song writing in Jazz and Traditional Pop music.The music he sung became known as "middle of the road" because of his ability relay heartfelt romantic messages. Unfortunately, his health was really being affected and he died of a heart attack at the age of 82. -
Death of Frank Sinatra 2
("Francis Albert Sinatra." Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale, 1998. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1631006079/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=6e5d11d2. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.) -
9/11
On the 11th of September in 2001, 4 airplanes heading for California were hijacked by a Islamic group intending on killing themselves to target major points in the United States. 2 planes hit the world trade centers in New York City. 1 plane hit the pentagon just outside of Washington D.C. The last plane hit a field in Pennsylvania that was intended to hit the capital building. Almost 3,000 people died from this tragic event. -
9/11 2
(History.com Staff. “9/11 Attacks.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2010, www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks.) -
Starts Rhodes Foundation
Nelson Mandela started a foundation called the Rhodes Foundation to works towards encouraging leadership skills in many scholars around Africa. This foundation gives many opportunities to Africans that will help further develop their government ship skills. The foundation is significant to helping scholars and not dividing the country into pieces by racial segregation. (“Rhodes Trust.” Rhodes House - Home of The Rhodes Scholarships, www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/about/the-mandela-rhodes-foundation/.) -
International Mandela Day 2
("Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=49edfd6e. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.) -
International Mandela Day
Due to Nelson's great acts as a person, there was a concert just for him in New York City. Afterwards there was a celebration that was for the creation of International Mandela Day to give a tribute to Mandela because of his devotion to civil and human rights. On this day people gave up 67 minutes of their time for charity; this represented the years Mandela helped out society. -
The Death of Nelson Rolihlala Mandela
In 2001, Nelson was diagnosed with cancer, he was admitted to many tests at the hospital. They showed that no such evidence was found. Yet again, throughout 2012 and 2013, he had recurring lung infections and had to be admitted to the hospital again. Then he final died in his home in early December of 2013, in Johannesburg, South Africa. -
The Death of Nelson Rolihlala Mandela 2
("Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Biography in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC1?u=mlin_s_northahs&xid=49edfd6e. Accessed 3 Dec. 2017.)
