-
570
Muhamad born (6th century)
He raised by his uncle, a rich merchant. He married a widow and had three children -
622
Hijra ('flight' in Arabic) (6th century)
Muhamad fled to the city of Medina. This event marks the beginning of the islamic calendar. -
630
Arab tribes became Islam (6th century)
He converted the people of Medina to the new religion and with help attacked Mecca. Arab tribes united under authority. -
632
Muhammad died (6th century)
By the time Muhammad died almost all Arabs were Muslims, and the Arabian Peninsula had become politically unified. -
638
Expansion of Islam (8th century)
The Muslims faced the Byzantine Empire and conquered Syria, Egypt and some of the Persian Empire.
Muslims came to the Indus river -
641
First Caliphs (8th century)
The first four caliphs ruled. (they were chosen by the Muhamad family) -
650
Umayyad dynasty (7th century)
The Umayyad of Syria seized power, created Damascu capital.
they conquered the Iberian peninsula and other regions. -
711
The battle of Guadalete (8th century)
In the military conquest, an army of Berbers led by little Arabs crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoths in the battle of Guadalete, in which King Roderic died. -
718
Muslims take over most of the Iberian Peninsula (8th century)
Muslims conquered Berber tribes in North Africa, seized most of the Iberian Peninsula and attacked the Frankish kingdom -
718
The invaders take control (8th century)
The invading armies ran most of the peninsula. Part of the population took refuge in the Cantabrian Mountains -
732
Muslims are defeated (8th century)
When they attacked the Frankish kingdom they were defeated at the Battle of Poitiers and were forced to retreat to the south of the Pyrenees (France) -
732
The dependent Emirate (8th century)
After the military conquest, later the Al-Andalus became a province / emirate dependent on the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus.
That capital was established in Cordoba. There was an emir to rule the emirate. -
750
The independent Emirate (8th century)
The caliphs of Damascus were defeated by the Abbasids of Baghdad -
756
Umayyad family (8th century)
The last member of the Umayyad family, Prince Abd al-Rahman, escaped to Al-Andalus -
831
Muslims expanded into Nubia (9th century)
They expanded into Nubia (southern Egypt) occupied Palermo. -
846
Muslims expandems (9th century)
expanding into southern Egypt they also conquered southern and central Italy. -
908
The abbasid dynasty (10th century)
The Abbasid dynasty defeated the Umayyads and ruled the caliphate, moving the capital to Baghdad. Some provinces such as Al-Andalus, Egypt and Morocco were dispersed from the central power -
929
Abd al-Rahman III (10th century)
The emir abd al-Rahman 3 wanted to impose his authorities, he appointed himself caliph and the caliphate of cordoba was established (independent territory of the autoriad) -
1008
The taifa kingdoms (10th century)
From 1008, the Caliphate began to separate. The aristocracy, high officials and the army fought for power -
1009
The caliphate of cordoba (10th century)
At the beginning of the 10th century, they had a lot of problems: internal rebellions, attacks from the Christian kingdoms like (Leon, Navarra and Castile) -
1031
Al-Andalus was divided (10th century)
Al-Andalus was divided into more than 25 independent kingdoms, these were called taifa. -
1212
Battle of Navas and Tolosa (10th century)
Christian conquest of the most of Andalucia -
1453
End of the middle ages (15th century)
they conquered Constantinople (Byzantine capital).
later the Turks invaded the Islamic empire. this event marked the end of the middle ages. -
1482
Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (13th century)
only the Nazari Kingdom of Granada survived the advance of the Christian in the 13th century -
1492
Pay taxes to prevent attacks (15th century)
the prosperous economy allowed the sultans to pay large taxes in gold to Castile to prevent attacks. This allowed its survival until 1492 when Boabdil, the last ruler of Granada, surrendered to the Catholic kings.