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Mexico's Independence Day

By Yahana

  • 1799

    1799
    November 10. Viceroy Miguel José de Azanza ordered the arrest in Mexico City of thirteen young men of scarce resources and humble families, led by Pedro de la Portilla, for fomenting a rebellion number 105 against Spanish rule.

  • 1808

    1808
    Napoleon Bonaparte of France installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as king of Spain. A revolt, called the Peninsular War, against the French occupation of Spain intensified. The Spanish colonies abroad questioned the legitimacy of the Spanish government.

  • 1809

    1809
    They unleashed the "Conspiracy of Valladolid" in what is now Morelia, Michoacán. The conspirators were a group of mostly military officers led by José Mariano Michelena and José María García Obeso.

  • 1810

    1810
    The conspiracy was aimed at overthrowing the government of the peninsulars and replacing them with Criollos. The pretext for the insurrection was the fear that the peninsulars would hand over the rule of Mexico to the French. At 2 am Hidalgo and Allende were awakened by Aldama and warned that the conspiracy was in danger of being suffocated by the government. Meeting with other conspirators, they decided to start the revolt immediately.

  • 1811

    1811
    A Guadalajara priest and former Hidalgo supporter published a manifesto in Mexico City in which he stated that the insurgent army was "a growing mob of thieves and murderers encouraged by the monstrous Hidalgo".
    January 8. Insurgent leader José Mariano Jiménez , operating independently of Hidalgo and Allende, entered the city of Saltillo with an army of 7,000 men. Jiménez and sent military units to take control of other areas of northern Mexico.

  • 1812

    1812
    Félix María Calleja led the royalist troops in an attack on Rayón's stronghold in Zitacuaro.
    January 5. With the conquest of Zitacuaro, Calleja ordered all the inhabitants to leave and burned the town to the ground. Rayón escaped from the royalist army and took refuge in Tlalpujahua , Michoacán.
    February 19. The siege of Cuautla began. Morelos had 4,000 soldiers to defend the town; the royalist Calleja had approximately double that number of men.