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Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a philosopher, composer and writer. He wrote the piece "Emile" in 1762. Rousseau believed that a young child's learning should be natural, and that they should only learn what they are developmentally ready for. -
Pestalozzi
Developed principles for learning that combined both natural learning and informal instruction. -
Froebel
First educator to design a systematic curriculum for young children that included objects and materials. -
Morphett and Washburne's reading readiness research
Determined maturation as the most important factor in learning to read. Their research determined children 6 1/2 years old were ready for reading instruction. -
Skinner- Behaviorism
Skinner introduces the idea that human learning was not unintentional. -
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The Research Era
Research investigating early childhood literacy development brought about many changes in the field. -
Maria Montessori
Believed that children needed structured systematic training early on in order to master skills. She encouraged the use of materials that were manpulative and self correcting. -
Dewey- Progressive Education
Dewey's Philosophy of early childhood education led to the concept of the child-centered curriculum which is also known as progressive education. -
Emergent Literacy
Marie Clay- First used this phrase to state the idea that a child acquires some knowledge about language, reading and writing before coming to school. -
Piaget- Cognitive Devlopment
This theory of cognitive development discusses the intellectual capabilities of children during different stages of cognitive development. -
Vygotsky- Schema Acquistion
Says that learning occurs as children acquire new concepts. -
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Explicit Instruction and Phonics or Sound-Symbol Relationships
Proposes the use of a strong phonics program in early literacy. Systematic , explicit instructions of skills with specific scripted guides for teachers should be provided. -
Constructivism and Whole-Language Instruction
Learning to read is based off of life experiences as well.
Activities and hobbies such as art help with literacy. -
Balanced Comprehensive Approach
Teachers must know the social, emotional, physical and intellectual status of the children they are teaching in order to successfully teach them to read. -
National Reading Panel Report
A significant meta-analysis that revealed key elements to literacy success. The report discusses the most effective strategies to teach children to read in grades K-3. Phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehension and fluency were all found to be crucial to children being fluent readers by the end of third grade. -
No Child Left Behind Act
Federal government providing grants in order to insure improved literacy in grades K-3. The goal was for every child in the U.S to become a fluent reader by the end of third grade. -
National Literacy Panel Report
Studied skills and abilities of young children from birth to five years old that predicted later achievement in reading. Determined that the following needed to be required by the end of kindergarten: Knows the alphabet and sounds of letters,phonological awareness, name letters and numbers, identify colors pictures
,remembers what was said to them, comprehends spoken language, knows to read from left to right. -
Common Core State Standards
An attempt to make all standards across the country equal.