-
570
.
Birth of Mahoma -
Period: 570 to 632
Mahoma
birth of Mahoma till the death of Mahoma -
600
.
Ruling classes in East and West Africa convert to Islam -
610
.
Mahoma receives first vision in a cave near Mecca -
622
.
Mahoma undertakes the Hegira, the migration from Mecca to Medina, establishing the start of the Islamic calendar -
624
.
Battle of Badr: Mohamo's forces win, resulting in a turning point for Islam against the ruling Quraysh tribe. -
625
.
Battle of Uhud: Quraysh tribe defeats the Muslims. -
627
.
Siege of Bani Qurayzah: Muslims capture the Jewish stronghold. Battle of the Trench: Quraysh troops attempt to siege Medina, but lose to the Muslim force. -
628
.
Conquest of Khaybar oasis: Jews barricade themselves in a fort at Khaybar oasis and are allowed to remain living there if they pay the Muslims one third of their produce. Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: A peace agreement is signed between Mahoma's Muslims and the people of Mecca. -
629
.
First Pilgrimage made by Mahoma and his Muslims to Mecca after migrating to Medina. -
630
.
Muslims capture Mecca. Ka'ba is cleansed, pilgrimage rites are Islamicized, tribes of Arabia vow allegiance to Mahoma Battle of Hunayn: Ending in a decisive victory for the Muslims over the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin -
632
.
"Farewell Hajj Pilgrimage": This is the only Hajj pilgrimage in which Mahoma participates -
Period: 632 to 661
Califato ortodoxo
-
633
.
Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate -
633
.
Muslim armies take the Fertile Crescent (Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia), North African coast, parts of Persian and Byzantine Empires -
637
.
Muslim Conquest of Mesopotamia. -
637
.
Muslim invasion of the Levant. The Byzantines are driven out -
644
.
Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeds Abu Bakr, becoming the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate -
650
.
Caliph Uthman has the Qur'an written down -
656
.
Uthman ibn 'Affan succeeds Umar to become the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate -
656
.
Abi Talib succeeds Uthman to become the fourth and final caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. -
657
.
Battle of Siffin. Mu'awiya, governor of Syria, claims the caliphate -
Period: 661 to 750
Califato Omeya
-
670
.
Hasan ibn Ali, Shia Islam's second imam (his father, Ali ibn Abi Talib, being the first imam), is poisoned to death. -
680
.
Husayn ibn Ali, Shia Islam's third imam, is beheaded by Yazid I's force at the Battle of Karbala in present-day Iraq Death of Husayn marks beginning of the Shi'at Ali -
685
.
Reign of Abd al-Malik. Centralization of administration - Arabic becomes official written language (instead of Greek and Persian) and Arab coinage is established. -
700
.
Groups of ascetics and mystics begin to form -
710
.
Arab armies enter Spain from North Africa. -
732
.
Muslim empire reaches its furthes extent. Battle of Tours prevents further advance northwards. -
747
.
Revolt defeats the Umayyads. -
750
.
Abu l'Abbas becomes caliph in Iraq Fall of the Umayyad Caliphate Start of the Abbasid Caliphate -
Period: 750 to 1258
Califato Abasí
-
754
.
Baghdad becomes the new capital of the Abbasid empire. -
755
.
Abd ar-Rahman founds an Umayyad Dynasty in Cordoba, Spain -
777
.
Zaragoza invites Charlemagne into Spain. -
783
.
The city of Zaragoza falls to forces from the Emirate of Cordoba. -
784
.
Abd al-Rahman begins construction on the Great Mosque of Cordoba -
788
.
Death of Abd al-Rahman I of the Emirate of Cordoba. -
1031
.
Fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba. -
1313
.
Uzbeg rules the Golden Horde and makes Islam the state religion