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Latin American Independence Movements and the Events That Surrounded Them
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The Battles of Lexington and Concord
The American Revolution begins with the shot heard, and soon repeated, around the world. The American Revolution will provide a model for many Latin American independence movements. -
Signing of the Declaration of Independence
The American Declaration of Independence states that every man is born with certain unalienable Rights, visibly influenced by the Enlightenment philosophy. -
Desire for Independence
Conditions in Peru’s society, which prompted a desire for independence, included, a growing dislike of Spain’s restrictions over economic matters. This included restrictions on trading, restrictions on making goods, and taxes. They also disliked how the Spanish officials had a higher status than the native population. -
Túpac Amaru II Starts a full scale revolt in Bolivia
Túpac was the last native ruler in Bolivia. Revolt successful in several battles, until Túpac was killed, thus ending the Inca empire. -
Ratification of the U.S. Constitution
The United States Consitution further outlines basic rights championed by Enlightenment thinkers, and is soon followed by the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789 and Haiti's Constitution in 1801. News of these events will spread to Latin America. -
The storming of the Bastille
The storming of the Bastille marks the approximate beginning of the French Revolution, which will last for many more years. Revolutionaries take up the Enlightenment spirit with the call, "Liberty, equality, fraternity", and Latin American colonies, increasingly frustrated with their imperial overlords, take note. -
The French Revolution
The French Revolution inspired Peru to gain their independence. It was during a time period of 1789-1799, where the monarchy was overthrown and reconstructing was forced on the Roman Catholic Church. -
Slave rebellion in Saint Domingue (Haitian Revolution begins)
Toussaint L'Ouverture will become a leading figure in the fight for independence from France; yet another revolution will stir discontent in the Latin American colonies. -
First British Invasion of the Rio de la Plata
The first of two British invasions of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata. Creoles are left to defend themselves against the invaders twice, while the viceroy flees, giving Creoles confidence in their abilities to govern and defend themselves. -
France invades Spain
Napoleon oversees the French invasion of Spain from 1807-1808. Napoleon put his older brother Joseph on the Spanish throne. -
Joseph Bonaparte
Napolean Bonaparte invades Spain and puts his brother Joseph in power. With the legitimacy of the Spanish government in question, Chile has an opportunity to rule themselves. This marks the day the idea of independence begins to be considered. -
May Revolution
The Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, including Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and Argentina, declares its independence from Spain and ousts the viceroy in the capital of Buenos Aires. -
Chile's Independence Day
After Joseph Bonaparte was placed on the throne, choosing not to be ruled by a French man, Chile declared their Independance promising to return as soon as a rightful Spanish king was returned to the throne. Though they did not gain their full independence on this day, September 18, 1810 is their nationaly celebrated Independence day. Chile's independence movement: 1810-1818. -
Chile's first leader
Jose Miguel Carrera Verdugo was the first ruler of Chile. His aristocratic and militaristic rule caused widespread oppsition lead by Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme. The nation soon plunged into a civil war over whether Chile should remain temorarly independent or gain full independence. -
Spain re-conquers Chile
Spanish troops in Peru take advantage of the civil war in Chile and re-conquer the country. They reasserted their power in the battle of Rancaugua on October 12, 1814. -
Uruguay fights for independence
The provinces of the Rio de la Plata are victorious in winning their independence, but Buenos Aires wishes to rule under the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata. Uruguay refuses to submit, and its real battle for independence is waged. -
Chile's formal independence
San Martin defeats the last large Spanish force on Chilean soil at the Battle of Maipu, gaining their formal, and actual independence from Spain. -
Peru's Independence
Peru’s independence struggle was lead by Jose de San Martin who lived in Argentina, and Simon Bolivar who lived in Venezuela. Jose de San Martin proclaims Peru's independence July 28, 1821, but gained their independence in 1824. They were the last colony to gain their independence. -
Brazil Gains Independence
The Brazilian Independence Movement was unique in that they gained their indepedence without having a single set battle. Led by Dom Pedro, they seceded from Portugal with minimal blood loss. -
Short-term effects of Peru's Independence
• Britain able to trade with Latin America• United States trade with Latin America• Monroe Doctrine -
Battle of Junín
Simon Bolívar led his army to defeat the royalists. Major battle of the revolution. -
Bolivian Independence war declared over
The royalists were defeated and their commander (Viceroy de la Serna) was captured. The revolutionaries were led by Antonio José de Sucre -
Upper and Lower Peru split
A group of important people from Bolivia and Peru vote to split the two countries. Bolivia becomes independent with Simon Bolivar as its president. -
Uruguay gains its independence
Under the leadership of rebel colonel Juan Antonio Lavalleja and his revolutionaries (called the Thirty-three Orientals), the Banda Oriental, the heartland of Uruguay, is retaken. With this act, Uruguay gains its independence. -
Brazil Abolishes Slavery
There is no set date for the abolishment of slavery in Brazil. It took several months to spread throughout Brazil in 1888. Even though the slave trade was officially abolished, however, it still continues today in remote areas. They were the last country in the Americas to officially abolish slavery. -
Political, social, and economic changes and continuities from independence to about 1920
Monroe Doctrine aimed at preventing Spain from regaining their lost colonies.
Peru free to trade with whomever.
Natives have more power: still under the hacienda system.
