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  Spanish- American War
 End of Spanish control over Cuba
 Transfer of Puerto Rico and the Philippines to the United States
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  Emancipation slaves in Brazil, final abolition of slavery in Western Hemisphere.
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  Massive emigration from Europe and Asia to Latin America.
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  Porfirio Diaz's control of Mexico.
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  Almost all of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean Islands had won independence.
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  Call by Simon Bolivar for Panama conference of Latin American Union.
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  Proclamation of Brazil's independence by Portugal.
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  Political instability in most Latin American nations
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  Latin American Neocolonialism.
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  Bolivar's victories over the royalist armies won him the presidency of Gran Colombia.
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  Latin American wars of independence against Spain.
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  Napoleon Bonaparte deposed the Spanish king Ferdinand 7 and placed his own brother on the throne.
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  Haiti became the second nation ( after the U.S) in the Western hemisphere to achieve independence.
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  The British invaded Haiti and took all of its coastal cities.
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  The freed slave Tousaint L' overture joined the slave rebellion and quickly became its leader
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  An army sent from Lima put down the rebellions and captured and savagely executed Tupac Amaru 2.
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  Comunero Revolution in New Granada.
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  He claimed descent from the Inca rulers and took the name Tupac Amaru, a massive insurrection exploded.
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  Charles iii of Spain's administrative and economic reforms.