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Muhammad would go on to lead an easy life from his start. But, the death of his parents left him with his uncle, who made him a good man. The angel Gabriel then told him to spread the work of Allah to those around him.
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Muhammed inspired many people during his life. He took what was given to him and told people about the word of Allah, and it lead to a history-altering movement.
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Muhammed's life would inspire many people to continue spreading Islam. Muhammed's death leaves the problem of who will succeede him. This starts a very long factional divide between what woul dbecome Shiites and the Sunni.
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The closer followers of Muhammed would go on to name Abu Bakr as his succesor. His candidacy was challenged by some of Muhammeds other followers, who wanted Ali to be Caliph. But, this was pushed away. Bakr's reign was short lived, with his death coming in 634.
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In the wake of Muhammed's death, the Arabs would go on to take some key lands in expanding. They take Syria from the Byzantine empire, conquer the Sassinads, and control most of North Africa and Eygpt.
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Bakr's time as caliph would be short lived as he would die in 634. He only ruled for 2 years. Ali's name was againg mentioned for caliph, but Umar got the job, a follower of Muhammed, just like Bakr.
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As the Muslims start their first expansion they defeat the Byzantine empire at the Yamuk river. Four years later they would go on to take the Byzantine province of Syria.
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Arabs would go on to deafeat a perssian force in Eygpt and then conquer the Sassinads. At this point Eygpt and other areas of North Africa were brought under Arab control.
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After Umar's death, Uthman was named the next caliph, but he was assasinated. Coincedintaly, Ali was at the place of his assasination and named Caliph.
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The long line of assasinations continues as Ali himself is assasinated after a seemingly short rule of only seven years. Governer of Syria and Ali's nemesis, Mu'awiya, is named caliph
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The shorter lived Umayyad empire start in the middle east. During this time most of the Iberian penninsula is taken by the Arabs. The empire seemingly dies in the middle east but has a short resurgence in what is today modern day spain.
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Islam's second expansion consists of a larger portion of North Africa, some of India and the Iberian penninsula. The Arab advance is stopped the the Franks, in the Battle of Politiers.
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The Arab advance now takes the Iberian Penninsula. This opens the door for a short Umayyad resurgence. The advance of the Arabs is later stopped by the Franks in the Battle of the Poiitiers.
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After supposed indecent behaivior of the Umayyad caliphs a revolt against them was led by Abu al-abbas, a descendant of Muhhameds uncle. They conquered the Umayyads and the Abbisad dynasty was born.
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soon after the conception of the Abassid empire Baghdad was built on the Tigris river, rivaling the city of Damascus. Baghdad woudl become one of the greatest cities of it's time. Being a hub for innovation, learning, technology, and political power.
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Factionalism starts to take it's toll in Southern Spain. Civil war completly obliterates the city of Cordoba.
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The Seljuk Turks come to Baghdad and commandeer it. The caliph of the Abbisad dynasty could still lead the religous aspects of the empire, but the military and political strength was that of the Sultan's
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The Seljuk Turks would then go on to fight the Byzantine empire and significantly weaken it. And, the Turks now had the Anatolian peninsula. This leads the Byzantine to call upon the rest of Christian Europe to help creat the first cursade.
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Pope Alexius 1 called upon Christians in Europe to crusade against the Arabs. The crusade would be succesful and after a long siege Jerusulam was taken Chrisitans.
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After procaliming himself Sultan goes on and retakes Jerusulam for Chrisitans and pushes them out of most parts of the middle east, their final stronghold being Acre.
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Pope Innocent 3 called upon Christians for another Crusade. This time they would remove Islamic power from modern day spain. This was a nearly 200 year affair. They seized the cities of Seville and Cordoba.
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The Byzatine empire falls. Sultan Mehmet 2 now controls its capital at Constantinople.
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"http://zombietime.com/mohammed_image_archive/islamic_mo_face_hidden/"--- First 2 pictures, Muhamed face covered "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr"--- Abu Bakr stopps mob "http://oneway2day.wordpress.com/tag/poltical-islam/'--- Uthman "http://ldysinger.stjohnsem.edu/@texts/0630_Quran/00a_start.htm"-- Islamic expansion map "http://www.wikipaintings.org/en/theodore-chasseriau/ali-ben-hamet-caliph-of-constantine-and-chief-of-the-haractas-followed-by-his-escort-"-- Ali
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"http://www.armchairgeneral.com/forums/showthread.php?t=59716&page=18"--- Abbisad Revolt "http://www.socialappetizers.com/muslim-food-history.html"---Baghdad 'http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Mosque_and_street,_Scutari,_Constantinople,_Turkey,_ca._1895.jpg'--- Constantinple
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"http://www.go4anything.com/destinationdetail.html?d=35390&tb=1"--- Cordoba The Essential Worl d History by William J. Duiker and Jackson J. Spielvogel
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This time period is known as the "Golden age" of the Abbisad dynasty, with Harun the Upright at its ruler. His son would go on to make great innovations in science and translation.
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al-Ma'mun was the son of Harun the Upright. He fostered learnign and innovation and mand many advances in the fields of astronomy and translatin gother launguages.
