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Period: Jan 1, 656 to Jan 1, 661
First Muslim civil war
Civil war fought following the murder of the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan. -
Jan 1, 661
Beginning of Umayyad Dynasty
Mu'awiyah is victorious against the fourth caliph Ali and is declared Mu'awiyah I, first caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. Introduced hereditary succession. -
Jan 1, 717
Leo III defeats the Syrian Army
Beginning of the decline of the Umayyad Dynasty. -
Jan 1, 732
Defeat at Poitiers, France
Expansion of Islamic Empire into Europe halted after the defeat at Poitiers, France in 732. -
Jan 1, 740
Defeat in Anatolia
Armies of Umayyad Dynasty were destroyed in detail. -
End of Sufyanid family rule of Umayyad dynasty
Muʿāwiyah II, last ruling descendent of Abu Sufyanid, dies. -
Marwin I ibn al-Hakam becomes caliph
Begins rule of Marwanid caliphs of Umayyad Dynasty -
End of the Umayyad Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah becomes Caliph starting the Abbasid Dynasty. -
Period: to
Naval campaign against Constantinople
Unsuccessful naval campaign against Constantinople -
Period: to Jan 1, 705
Peak of Umayyad Dynasty
Abn al-Malik oversees Umayyad Dynast at it's peak, stretching from Spain to India.
