Islam Timeline

By lamonte.bradley
  • 1492 BCE

    1492-1520

    claims to be the Hidden Imam and is proclaimed Shah (king) of Persia. Ottomans control Mecca and Medina. Castile and Aragon capture Granada. All Muslims (and Jews) expelled from Spain.
  • 1300 BCE

    1300-1492

    Capital of Ottoman Empire moved from Bursa to Adrianople. The two halves of the Ottoman Empire are united and the sultan becomes Byzantine emperor.
  • 1258 BCE

    1258-1300

    Reign of Uthman (Osman), who founds the Ottoman Empire. ttomans capture Bursa and Iznik and move into Europe.
  • 1216 BCE

    1216-1258

    Mongols capture Baghdad; city is sacked and caliph is killed. End of Abbasid caliphate.Genghis Khan and the Mongols enter Persia.
  • 1187 BCE

    1187-1216

    Death of Saladin; most of Crusader states have returned to Islam. Assassins wipes out by the Mongols. Indian rulers in Delhi take title of Sultan.
  • 1099 BCE

    1099-1187

    1099-1187
    Sufis orders are found. Life of Averroës, Muslim philosopher from Cordoba who sought to integrate Islam with Greek thought.
  • 1055 BCE

    1055-1095

    1055-1095
    Seljuk Turks take Baghdad; Abbasids now only nominated rulers. Hasan-i Sabbah takes Alamut in the Persian mountains, the Assassin sect forms around him.
  • 900 BCE

    900-1055

    900-1055
    Umayyad Abd ar-Rahman III makes himself caliph in Cordoba. Fatimids gain power in Egypt and attack Palestine, Syria, and Arabia. Umayyad caliphate in Cordoba defeated by the Christian Reconquista.
  • 850 BCE

    850-900

    850-900
    Uprisings of black slaves. Zanj are eventually defeated.
  • 750 BCE

    750-850

    750-850
    Baghdad is the new capital of the Abbasid empire. Division within Shi'ites - majority are the modern Imamiyya. Reign of Ma'mun. Theological controversy over whether the Qur'an is created or uncreated.
  • 732 BCE

    732-750

    732-750
    Revolt defeats the Umayyads. Abu l'Abbas is granted caliph in Iraq.
  • 711 BCE

    711-732

    711-732
    Muslims go into Spain and pushed into France. Muslim empire reaches its furthest extent. Battle of Tours stops further advance northwards.
  • 661 BCE

    661-711

    661-711
    Ali is murdered; Mu'awiya becomes caliph. Beginning of Umayyad Caliphate. Ruling classes in East and West Africa change to Islam. Groups of mystics begin to form.
  • 632 BCE

    632-661

    632-661
    Muhammad died and Abu Bakr was chosen as Caliph. Muslim armies take the Fertile Cresent. Uthman is murdered. Battle of Siffin. Mu'awiya, governor of Syria, claims the caliphate.