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Jan 1, 711
Muslim forces invade Spain
Arabs cross the Straight of Gibraltar and establish control over much of the Iberian Peninsula. They called this area "Al-Andalus" -
Period: Jan 1, 711 to Jan 1, 756
The Dependent Emirate
The period between 711 and 756 is called the dependent emirate because Muslim Spain, or Al-Andalus, was dependent on the Umayyad caliph in Damascus. These years were marked by continuous hostilities between the different Arab factions and between the various social groups. -
Jan 1, 720
Spain is Largly under Muslim Control
The heartland of the Muslim rule was Andulusia (Southern Spain) -
Jan 1, 756
Emirate of Cordoba founded
Abd ar-Rahman I flees Damascus and founds the Emirate of Cordoba -
Period: Jan 1, 756 to
The Independent Emirate
Better known as the Emirate of Córdoba -
Jan 1, 771
Syrians Rebel
Syrians rebel against Abd ar-Rahman I, but are defeated -
Jan 1, 1002
Al-Mansur Dies
Al-Mansur dies in the village of Salem during a raid. The power in Al-Andalus is divided between the old Arab nobility, the Berber mercenaries, and the Slav slaves. -
Jan 1, 1031
Muslim Caliphate of Cordoba falls
Caliphate crumbles into a number of independent taifas (Muslim-ruled pricipalities) -
Period: Jan 1, 1031 to Jan 1, 1130
The Almoravid Era
The Almoravids were crucial in preventing the fall of Al-Andalus to the Iberian Christian kingdoms, when they decisively defeated a coalition of the Castilian and Aragonese armies at the Battle al- Zallaqah of in 1086. -
Oct 23, 1086
Battle of az-Zallaqah
The Muslim forces defeat the Christians -
Period: Jan 1, 1130 to Jan 1, 1492
Decline
Division among the Muslims made them weak and vulnerable to a move by the Christians to expand against them. -
Jan 1, 1133
Death of Almoravid
The Christian militia of Toledo reach the gates of Seville and kill the Almoravid governor -
Jan 1, 1165
Faked Conversions
With thie accession of the sulton Abu Yakub, faked conversions become widespread. Yakub Al-Mansur (Abu Yakub's son) imposes restrictions upon the new converts because of the doubts of their sincerity. -
Jan 1, 1168
Portuguese armies take Serpa and Moura
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Jan 1, 1200
Movement against Non-Muslims
Abd al-Mumin starts a movement against Jews and Christians. Zelous Almohad Muslims initiate riots and persectutions of non-Muslims. -
Jan 1, 1491
Final City Surrendered
Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad XII, the Emir of Granada, relinquishes the last Muslim-controlled city in the Iberian Peninsula to the Crown of Castile and signs the Treaty of Granada. -
Jan 1, 1492
Muslims lose power
Muslims lose all power in Spain to Christians -
Building of Great Mosque of Córdoba Begins
The Great Mosque of Cordoba starts being built on the grounds of a Visigothic church -
Hisham I succeeds Abd ar-Rahman I
After Abd ar-Rahman I dies, Hisham I succeeds him -
Battle of the Burbia River
fought between the Kingdom of Asturias and the Emirate of Cordoba -
Abd al-Rahman III
Abd al-Rahman III becomes 8th Emir of Cordoba -
Al-Mansur begins reign
Al-Mansur becomes 3rd Caliph and acts as a military dictator. He launches offensive campaigns against the Christians, Christians commence raids into Muslim territory. -
Abd ar-Rahman III becomes Caliph
Abd ar-Rahman III proclaims himself the Unayyad Caliph of Cordoba, Cordoba is largest city in Europe and Abr ar-Rahman III's court is open to scholoars of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish faiths -
Period: to Jan 1, 1031
The Caliphate
The "Golden Age" of al-Andalus, this period marked leading agricultural, scientific, and philosophical culture
