Islam ( point 3 )

Hegira

622

The Hegira is Muhammad's migration from Mecca to the city of Yatrib, later known as Medina in 622, because the Coraichita caciques of the first city did not accept his teachings on the new religion, Islam. Muhammad had been invited to Yatrib by a local group of Arabs.

Death of Muhammad

632

After the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, the young Muslim federation came under strain. ... These campaigns, known as the apostasy or ridda wars, effectively consolidated Arabia into a single country under Muslim control within two years

Ali assassinated

661

Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Rashidun Caliph and first shia Imam, was assassinated on 26 January 661 by a Kharijite named Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Amr ibn Muljam al-Muradi at the Great Mosque of Kufa, located in present-day Iraq. Ali died from his wounds two days after Abd al-Rahman struck him over his head with a poison-coated sword. He was 62 or 63 years of age at the time of his death on 21 (or 19) Ramadan 40 AH, equivalent to 28 January 661

Abu-al-Abbas’s rebellion (Abbasid Caliphate)

750

In 743, the death of the Umayyad Caliph Hishām provoked a rebellion in the east. Abu al-`Abbās, supported by Shi'as and the residents of Khurasān, led his forces to victory over the Umayyads. ... The choice of the Umayyads to enter battle with white flags and the Abbasids to enter with black encouraged such theories.

Caliphate of Córdoba

929

The Caliphate of Córdoba, also known as the Cordoban Caliphate and officially known as the Second Umayyad Caliphate, was an Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 929 to 1031. Its territory comprised Iberia and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba

Conquest of Baghdad

1258

The Siege of Baghdad was a siege that took place in Baghdad in 1258, lasting for 13 days from January 29, 1258 until February 10, 1258. The siege, laid by Ilkhanate Mongol forces and allied troops, involved the investment, capture, and sack of Baghdad, which was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate at that time.