-
Period: to
Functionalism
beleive in or stress of on the practical application of a thing -
Wihelm Wundt
Wundt made a clear distinction between introspection, which he believed was inaccurate, and internal perception. According to Wundt, internal perception involved a properly trained observer who was aware when a stimulus of interest was introduced. Wundt's process required the observer to be keenly aware and attentive of their thoughts and reactions to the stimulus and involved multiple presentations of the stimulus. He was the father of " xperimental psychology" -
William James
william james studied human nature,he was concerned with how organism use its peraptuel abilities to its enviorment. William published the first widley used psychology textbook. He was an American philosopher and psychologist who had trained as a physician. He was the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States. -
Sigmund Freud
The most important contribution of Freud is his division of the human psyche in three different energies: Id, Ego and Superego.
Freud also introduced an influential theory of human development. According to this theory mental disorders are caused by events in the early child years (before the age of six). A mental disorder can evolve when a child does not complete one of the five stages of childhood. These stages are named respectively the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the laten -
Period: to
psychoanalysis
A system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and... -
Period: to
Behaviorism
theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms o conditioning,without appeal to thoughts or feelings. -
Ivan Pavlov
Pavlov investigated the gastric function of dogs, by extending a salvary gland. He used Classical conditiong, pavlovs conditioning-a type of learnng in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. -
John B. Watson
He asserted that pschology should restrict itself o the objective, experimental study of the relations between enviormental events and human behavior. He was interested in finding support for his notation that the reaction of children was promped ny fear. -
Edward Thorndike
Thorndike is perhaps best-known for the theory he called the law of effect. which came from his research on how cats learn to escape from puzzle boxes. He educated the first experiments on animal learning. -
B.F Skinner
Skinner developed a box that containsa bar or key that an animal can press or manipulate, also known as the operant conditioning chamber. He innovated his own philosophy o science called radical behaviorsmand founded his own school of of experimental research. -
Period: to
Humanism
An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. -
Abraham Maslow
Maslow craeted thid idea that is now famously called hierarchy of needs. Beyond the details of air, water, food, and sex, he laid out five broader layers: the physiological needs, the needs for safety and security, the needs for love and belonging, the needs for esteem, and the need to actualize the self, in that order. He also talks about these levels in terms of homeostasis -
Period: to
Cognition
the mental action or process of acquring knowledge and understanding it through thought, experince, and sense -
Jean Piaget
One of the achievements of Piaget's research is the universal acceptance of the fact that children do not think like miniature adults, they think differently and in different categories. They find it perfectly acceptable to start counting at the middle of a row of objects, or to count every other object first, as long as one eventually counts all items once and only once. Some post-Piaget experiments are really startling. By measuring attention span of 5-month-old children, the results of experi -
Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura's social learning theory stressed the importance of observational learning, imitation and modeling. His most famous experiment was the 1961 BoBo Doll. In the experiment, he made a film and a a woman was shown beating up a Bobo doll and shouting aggressive words. The film was then shown to a group of children. Afterwards, the children were allowed to play in a room that held a Bobo doll. The children immediately began to beat the doll, imitating the actions and words of the woma
