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Period: to
Concurrent Events
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William James establishe first School of Psychology
William James was an original thinker in and between the disciplines of physiology, psychology and philosophy. His twelve-hundred page masterwork, The Principles of Psychology (1890), is a rich blend of physiology, psychology, philosophy, and personal reflection that has given us such ideas as “the stream of thought” and the baby's impression of the world “as one great blooming, buzzing confusion.” -
James Watson becomes the Father of Behaviorism
John B. Watson, an American psychologist, is generally given credit for creating and popularizing the term behaviorism with the publication of his seminal 1913 article "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It." -
Max Wertheimer, one of the founders of Gestalt Psychology emigrates
Both Wertheimer and Koffka were assigned to war-related research, while Kohler was appointed the director of an anthropoid research station on Tenerife, in the Canary Islands. The three men reunited after the war ended and continued further research on the experiments.The operational principle of gestalt psychology is that the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies. -
Jean Piaget
Piaget felt that all children went through a series of four stages. In the <b>sensorimotor </b> stage (0-2 years), intelligence takes the form of motor actions. Intelligence in the <b>preoperation</b> period (3-7 years) is intutive in nature. Cognitive structure during the <b>concrete operational</b> stage (8-11 years) is logical but depends upon concrete referents. <b>Formal operations</b> (12-15 years) thinking involves abstraction. -
Claude Shannon begins his work on Information Theory
"A Mathematical Theory of Communication" is an influential1948 article by mathematician Claude E. Shannon. It was renamed "The Mathematical Theory of Communication" in the book, a small but significant title change after realizing the generality of this work. -
George Miller publishes "The Magical Number Seven..."
"The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information" one of the most highly cited papers in psychology. It was published in 1956 by the cognitive psychologist George A. Miller of Princeton University's Department of Psychology in Psychological Review. It supposedly argues that the number of objects an average human can hold in working memory is 7 ± 2. This is frequently referred to as Miller's Law. -
Jerome Bruner publishes A Study of Thinking
Jerome Bruner, along with Leo Postman, worked on the ways in which needs, motivations, and expectations (or 'mental sets') influence perception. The conducted a series of experiments which challenged psychologists to study not just an organism's response to a stimulus, but also its internal interpretation. -
Dartmouth AI Conference
We propose that a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be carried out during the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The study is to proceed on the basis of the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it. An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems... -
Psycho, the movie, premiers
A young woman steals $40,000 from her employer's client, and subsequently encounters a young motel proprietor too long under the domination of his mother. -
First man in Space
On board Vostok 1, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made history on April 12, 1961 when he became both the first person in the world to enter space and the first person to orbit the Earth. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub.L. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241, enacted July 2, 1964) was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States[1] that outlawed major forms of discrimination against African Americans and women, including racial segregation. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public ("public accommodations"). -
Noam Chomsky publishes Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
Chomsky has been described as the "father of modern linguistics" and a major figure of analytic philosophy. His work has influenced fields such as computer science, mathematics, and psychology. Chomsky is credited as the creator or co-creator of the Chomsky hierarchy, the universal grammar theory, and the Chomsky–Schützenberger theorem. -
Star Trek airs
Star Trek is an American science fiction entertainment franchise created by Gene Roddenberry. The core of Star Trek is its six television series: The Original Series, The Animated Series, The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager, and Enterprise. The franchise also includes eleven feature films, dozens of games, hundreds of novels as well as a themed attraction in Las Vegas (opened in 1998 and closed in September 2008) and at least two traveling museum exhibits of props. -
Bruner coins the term scaffolding
Bruner studied how children learned: he coined the term "scaffolding" to describe how children often build off the information they have already mastered. In his research on the development of children, Bruner proposed three modes of representation: <b>enactive representation</b> (action-based), <b>iconic representation</b? (image-based), and <b>symbolic representation</b> (language-based). -
David Ausebel presents his theory of advance organizers
In the preface to David Ausebel's book <i>Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View,</i> he says that “If [he] had to reduce all of educational psychology to just one principle, [he] would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly.” Advanced organizers help organize prior and new knowledge. -
ARPANET - precursor of the Internet
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), was the world's first operational packet switching network and the core network of a set that came to compose the global Internet. The network was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the United States Department of Defense for use by its projects at universities and research laboratories in the US. The packet switching of the ARPANET was based on designs by Lawrence Roberts of the Lincoln Laboratory. -
VCR introduced
The videocassette recorder (or VCR, also known as the video recorder), is a type of electro-mechanical device that uses removable videocassettes that contain magnetic tape for recording analog audio and analog video from broadcast television so that the images and sound can be played back at a more convenient time. This facility afforded by a VCR machine is commonly referred to as television program Timeshifting. -
Nixon Resigns
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. -
David Marr publishes the first of visual information processing papers
Marr treated vision as an information processing system. He put forth the idea that one must understand information processing systems at three distinct, complementary levels of analysis. This idea is known in cognitive science as Marr's Tri-Level Hypothesis: computational level: what does the system do and why does it do these things; algorithmic/representational level: how does the system do what it does; mplementational level: how is the system physically realized -
Star Wars Released
Star Wars is an American epic space opera film series created by George Lucas. The first film in the series was originally released on May 25, 1977, under the title Star Wars, by 20th Century Fox, and became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon, followed by two sequels, released at three-year intervals. -
Pac-Man debuts
Pac-Man is an arcade game developed by Namco and licensed for distribution in the United States by Midway, first released in Japan on May 22, 1980. Immensely popular from its original release to the present day, Pac-Man is considered one of the classics of the medium, virtually synonymous with video games, and an icon of 1980s popular culture. Upon its release, the game—and, subsequently, Pac-Man derivatives—became a social phenomenon that sold a bevy of merchandise. -
IBM introduces the personal PC
A personal computer (PC) is any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end-user with no intervening computer operator. In contrast, the batch processing or time-sharing models allowed larger, more expensive minicomputer and mainframe systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time. Large data processing systems require a full-time staff to operate efficiently. -
Human-computer tasks
Because of the pervasiveness of computers in the workplace, teaching people to use and program computers has become a major category of training. The primary cognitive processes associated with computer activities are problem-solving and procedures. The first of these learning theories, GOMS, is expressed. -
Elese Washines / writes paper on "Getting Thru Your PhD program with Charts and Tables"
Why I went to UW - The Winter and Spring powwows were good, which told me there was a strong native community at UW.
