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Biological/Neuroscience
the scientific study of the nervous system. -
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Evolutionary
an approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological traits such as memory, perception, and language from a modern evolutionary perspective. It was created by Charles Darwin. -
Theory of Natural Selection
Charles Darwin invented the theory of natural selection. In his theory he says that biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. In 1859 he also developed the origin of species which is a literature work and is said to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. -
The First Psychology Lab
Wilhelm Wundt was responsible for creating the world's first experimental psychology lab. This lab was established at the University of Leipzig in Germany. By creating an academic laboratory devoted to the study of experimental psychology, Wundt officially took psychology from a sub-discipline of philosophy and biology to a unique scientific discipline. -
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Structuralism
A method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, behavior, culture, and experience. It ended with the the death of Edward B. Titchener. -
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Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic
is a psychological and psychotherapeutic theory conceived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. -
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Cognition
the branch of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn. -
Ivan Pavlov's Dogs.
Ivan Pavlov introduced the concept of classical conditioning. Pavlov started from the idea that there are some things that a dog does not need to learn. For example, dogs don’t learn to salivate whenever they see food. This reflex is ‘hard wired’ into the dog's brain. Pavlov presented food to the dog and rang a bell making them conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell. -
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Behaviorism
The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings. -
The Little Albert Experiment
This experiment is also classical conditioning and conducted by behaviorist John Watson. Little Albert was exposed to stimuli that were white and fluffy. He did not initially show fear until researches strung a loud noise causing little Albert to be conditioned to fear. This experiment is an example of how classical conditioning can be used to condition an emotional response. -
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Functionalism
one of the many mental theories that every feeling, emotion, or thought in the mind is associated with an idea that each has a function.Functionalism became in effect when Talcott Parsons became a Harvard instructor in 1927. -
The Skinner Box Experiment
B.F. Skinner invented the skinner box. The box is a chamber that includes at least one lever, bar, or key that the animal can manipulate. When the lever is pressed, food, water, or some other type of reinforcement might be dispensed. researchers utilized the Skinner box to determine which schedule of reinforcement led to the highest rate of response in the study subjects. -
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Humanism
An ideology that espouses reason, ethics, and justice, while specifically rejecting supernatural and religious ideas as a basis of morality and decision-making. It started with Maslow's hierarchy of human motivation. -
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Socio-Cultural
is an emerging theory in psychology that looks at the important contributions that society makes to individual development. -
The Milgram Obedience Experiment
Stanley Milgram studied the obedience in authority. Forty men were in this experiment. Each person either had the role of a teacher or student. The student received a fake shock but the teacher was unaware it was fake. 65% of the men gave the "maximum shock" to the student when the question was wrong. Milgram proved that the presence of an authority increases obedience. -
Bobo Doll Experiment
Albert Bandura studied children's behavior after watching an adult role model act aggressively towards a bobo doll. The children followed the adult's actions the exact same way. This experiment is a demonstration of Bandura's social learning theory. -
Genie the Feral Child
Genie was a large case study conducted by many researchers and scientists. The study was on social isolation and language aquisition skills. Genie was strapped to a potty chair by her parents for most of her life making her immobile and unable to talk when she was discovered. The research conducted was to see if she could fully develop into her appropriate age group and aquire the language skills she lacked. -
The Stanford Prison Experiment
Philip Zombardo and his researchers set up a mock prison. Each student either had the role of a prison guard or prisoner. It was suppose to last 14 days but only lasted the first 6 because prison guards became abusive and prisoners started to gain stress and anxiety. This experiment demonstrates the power that authority can have and effect human behavior. -
Koko the Gorilla
Francine Patterson believed that Koko has aquired language because of her ability to communicate through sign language. Many critics have argued against this experiment because her sign language was very broken, choppy, and non comprehensive. This experiment relates to the language theory.
